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Edward I., who held a parliament here in 1284, when the 

 ftStute of Rhuddlan was puffed. At a privute houfe is Hill 

 fhewi: a " Gothic window," which is faid to have been part of 

 the building ufed on the occafion of thefe parliamentary 

 meetings. Another houfe is alfo pointed out as having been 

 honoured by the refidence of the monarch himfelf during 

 his (lav at Rhuddlan, but it is more likely that he occupied 

 the cattle ; and certain it is, that queen Eleanor's accouch- 

 ment of a daughter occurred there in 1283. A copy of the 

 roll of the king's expences, while at Rhuddlan, is printed in 

 the Archatologia, and exhibits feveral interefting and curious 

 particulars relative to the prices of provifions and labour at 

 that early period. Rhuddlan cattle is built of a reddilh 

 free-done, and is nearly fquara in form. At two of the op- 

 pofing corners were formerly two towers, though the other 

 corners had only one each. Of thefe, the three on the north- 

 weft fide of the fortrefs are tolerably entire, but the remain- 

 der is much dilapidated. By whom this cattle was ori- 

 ginally built is uncertain ; fome writers attributing it to 

 Llewellin-ap-Sitfy!lt, about the commencement of the nth 

 century, and others to Robert de Rodelent, who lived to- 

 wards the clofe of the fame century. Be this as it may, 

 however, it was deftroyed by Gruffydd-ap-Crman in the 

 reign of Henry II., and was fubfequently re-ereded and for- 

 tified by that monarch. In 1399 it was feized and garn- 

 foned by the earl of Northumberland, previous to the de- 

 pofition of the unfortunate king Richard II., who dined 

 here on his way to Flint cattle. During the civil wars between 

 king Charles I. and his parliament, Rhuddlan cattle was at 

 firft occupied by the royalitts, but, after a fhort fiege, the 

 garrifon were forced to furrender to the parliamentary troops, 

 commanded by general Mytton. This event happened in 

 July 1646, and in the following December, the fortrefs was 

 difmantled by order of parliament. It was furrounded by a 

 deep ditch, and had an additional one on the north fide : both 

 of thefe ditches are dill remaining. The walls are very tlrong, 

 and well calculated for defence. South from the cattle is a 

 fortification, commonly fuppofcd to have been conftru&ed 

 by the parliamentary troops as a battery during the fiege 

 above-mentioned ; but though it may have been ufed for that 

 purpofc, it is doubtlefs of much higher antiquity. Near this 

 fpot formerly flood a houfe of Black friars, which mutt 

 have been founded previous to 1268, as it is recorded, that 

 in that year, Anian de Schonan, one of its priors, was 

 made bilhop of St. Afaph. It fuffercd greatly in the wars 

 between king Edward I., and prince Llewelhn ab Gruffydd ; 

 but it recovered and fubfifted till the reign of Henry VIII. 

 when it was diilolved, and its buildings granted to Henry 

 ap Harry. Tanner Hates that there was another religious 

 houfe in the immediate vicinity of Rhuddlan, as old as the 

 year 1281, but no traces of its fcite can now be difco- 

 vcred. 



Edward I., in his charter conftituting Rhuddlan a bo- 

 rough, appointed the conttable of the cattle mayor, and or- 

 dered that two bailiffs (htfuld be chofen annually, as his af- 

 filtants, from among the burgeffes. Since the time of 

 Oliver Cromwell, there havisg been no conftable, there 

 has confcqucntly been no mayor, fo that the bailiffs are now 

 the chief officers of the town. The bnrgeffes contribute 

 towards the new eleftion of a reprefentative in parliament 

 for the borough of Flint. The voters mutt either inhabit 

 the town itfelf, or that part of the parifh called Rhuddlan 

 Franchife, which extends to the diitance of a mile. At 

 prcfent no regular market is held here, but there arc fairs 

 for cattle on the 2d of February, 25th of March, and 

 the 8th of September. The parifh, according to the par- 



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liamentary returns of 1811, contains 131 houfes, and 831 

 inhabitants. 



The river Clwyd, upon which Rhuddlan is iituated, is 

 only navigable for veftels of about twenty tons burden as 

 high up as the town ; but about two miles below it is a 

 port, into which veftels of confiderable magnitude can enter 

 and remain with fecurity. Carlifle's Topographical Dic- 

 tionary of Wales, 4to. 181 3. Pennant's Tour in Wales, 

 1770, Lond. 2 vols. 4to. 1778. 



RHUDEN, or Ruthen, a town of Germany, in the 

 duchy of Weitphalia ; 64 miles E. of Duffeldorp. 



RHUD1ANA, in Aneient Geography, a country of Afia, 

 in Carmania. Ptolemy. 



RHULA, in Geography, a town of Saxony, in the prin- 

 cipality of Eifenach, famous for its manufacture of knives ; 

 four miles S.S.E. of Eifenach. 



RHUMB, Rumb, or Rum, in Navigation, a vertical cir- 

 cle of any given place ; or the interferon of a part of fuch 

 a circle with the horizon. 



Rhumbs, therefore, coincide with points of the world, or 

 of the horizon. 



And hence the mariners diftinguifh the rhumbs by the 

 fame names as the points and winds. But we may obierve, 

 that the rhumbs are denominated from the points of the 

 compafs in a different manner from the winds : thus, at fca, 

 the north-eaft wind is that which blow* from the north-eafl 

 point of the horizon towards the fliip in which we are ; but 

 we are faid to fail upon the north-eaft rhumb, when we go 

 towards the north-eaft. 



They ufually reckon 32 rhumbs, which are reprefented 

 by the 32 lines in the rofe, or card, of the compafs. 



Aubin defines a rhumb to be a line on the terreftrial globe, 

 fea-compafs, or fea-chart, reprefenting one of the 32 winds 

 which ferve to conduct a veffel. So that the rhumb a veffel 

 purfues is conceived as its route, or courfe. 



Rhumbs are divided and fubdivided like points. Thus, 

 the whole rhumb anfwers to the cardinal point. The half 

 rhumb to a collateral point, or makes an angle of 45° with 

 the former. The quarter rhumb makes an angle of 2 2° 30' 

 with it. And the half-quarter rhumb makes an angle of 

 n° 15'. 



Sometimes navigators divide the 32 points into four quar- 

 ters, and call the rhumb next the eaft the firft rhumb, the 

 next to that the fecond rhumb, &c. 



For a table of the rhumbs, or points, and their diftances 

 from the meridian, fee Wind. 



RilVMB-Line, Loxodromia, is a line prolonged from any 

 point of the compafs in a nautical chart, except the four 

 cardinal points ; or it is the line which a (hip, keeping in 

 the fame collateral point, or rhumb, defcribes throughout 

 its whole courfe. See Loxodhomy. 



The great property of the rhumb-line, or loxodromia, 

 and that from which fome authors driine it, is, that it cuts 

 all the meridians under the fame angle. 



This angle is called the angle of the rhumb, or the loxo- 

 dromic angle. 



The angle which the rhumb-line makes with any parallel 

 to the equator, is called the < mpicment of the rhumb. 



An idea of the origin and properties of the rhum line, 

 the great foundation of navigation, may be conceived thus : 

 a ve'ffel beginning its courfe, the wind with which it is driven 

 makes a certain angle with the meridian of tin- place; and 

 as it is fuppofcd, the vcltel runs cxadly in the direction of 

 the wind, it makes the fame angle with the meridian which 

 the wind makes. 



BuDDofing then the wind to continue the fame, as each 

 1 J " point 



