R I C 



It I C 



of Antoninus, in the Index of the writer of Ravenna, in 

 the lYutingerian Tables, and in the Notitia of the weftern 

 empire. In thofe days the fcite of Rutupium was a fmall 

 ifland, though at prefent it is a confiderable diltancc within 

 land. This is pro- £he teftimony of many ancient 



writers ; by the appearance of the furrounding country ; 

 and the fact of ftrata c: an I being difcovcrcd by dig- 



ging into its ftirfac . The penod when it was defcrtcd 

 by the ocean was pi 1 1 iween the fourth and fixth cen- 



turies, as about that time the name of Sandwich, which 

 on the ruins of the Rutupian haven, begins to be men- 

 tioned in ancient writings as a frequented port. 



Richborough wan anciently called Rhutupia, Partus Tru 



in the fhapc of a crofs, which rifes about five feet abo> 

 level of the platform. The (haft of this crofs meafures 

 87 feet in length and 7^ feet in breadth ; and its tranfverfe 

 is 46 long and 22 wide. In the weftern wall of the caitle 

 was a large opening, 34 feet wide, where, about live feet 

 under the furface, is part of another platform, confiftmg 

 of large fquare blocks of (tone, and meafuring 24 feet 

 1 1 inches in breadth. There is no appearance of 

 fuperftructure having been railed from this foundation. 

 Near the middle of the north wall is the oblique entra 

 or "Porta-Decumana," which is narrow; and, 

 holes remaining in the walls, feems to have been furnifhed 

 with good timber defences. The exterior paffage, running 



tuknfis, or rather Partus Rhutupenfis, Rhutupfis Portus, Rhu- parallel with the main wall, is about four feet and a halt 

 tupta Static, and Rhutubi civitas et partus, among the Greek and wide, having a channel at the bottom for carrying off water 

 Roman writers, by the Saxons denominated Reptacejler, and from the higher ground within tiie cattle. Many Roman 

 by others Ruplimouth and Richlcrg. After the Saxons had 

 commenced their piracies on the coalt, the legio fecunda 

 Augufta, which had beLn brought from Germany by Clau- 

 dius, and had been for many years ftationed at Ifca Silurum, 

 in Wales, was removed hither and commanded by an officer 

 under the count of the Sax. n more. Under the Saxons it 

 was ftill confiderable, and the place in which king Ethel- 

 bert refided. 



Much diveriity of opinion prevails among the learned as 

 to the precife fituation of the Urbs Rutupias, fome iden- 

 tifying it with the caitle, and others placing it along the 

 adjacent more, while a third clafs of writers fix it at 

 Canterbury. Among thofe who efpoufe the laft opinion 

 is the late bifhop Douglas, who has difcufTed the fubjecT; 

 with great learning and ingenuity, in a paper printed in the 

 firlt volume of the " Bibiiotheca Topographica Britannica." 



coins and other antiquities have been difcovered as well 

 within the area of the fortref s, as in its vicinity ; and at 

 the diftance of about 460 yards from its fouth-weftern 

 angle, the remains of a Roman amphitheatre are yet dif- 

 tinctly vifible, though its banks are much mutilated and 

 levelled by the operations of hufbandry. Leland informi 

 us, in his Itinerary, that there was formerly « a lytle 

 paroche chirch of St. Auguftine and an hermitage" within 

 the caftle. The church was a chapel of eafe to that of 

 Afli ; and is mentioned as Handing in the reign of Ed- 

 ward VI. Antiquities of Richborough and Reculver, 

 abridged from the Latin of archdeacon Battely, Lond. 8vo. 

 1774. Bibiiotheca Topographica Britannica, vol. i. 4to. 

 Lond. 1780. Beauties of England, &c. vol. viii. by 

 E. W. Brayley. King's Munimenta Antiqua, vol. iii. 



RICHEA, in Botany, fo named by Mr. R. Brown, in 

 memory of M. Richc, one of the naturalifts who accom- 



With his view of the matter, indeed, we are ftrongly in 



clined to coincide ; for it feems impofiible that the city panied the expedition in fearch of La Peroufe, and being 



could (land within the narrow limits of the caftle, and there in a confirmed conlumption at fetting out, died in the 



are no vcftiges in its vicinitv of foundations of extenfive 

 buildings, a circumltance which could fcarcely have hap- 

 pened, it fuch buildings had ever exifted. Of the fortrefs 

 itfelf, however, much yet remains to folicit the examination 

 and excite the amazement of the antiquary. In form it ap- 

 pears to have been, when complete, a regular parallelogram ; 

 but the gteatcr part of the eaftern wall is now deilroyed. 

 The whole fcite exterior to the ramparts occupied fix acres, 

 one rood, and eight perches of ground ; and the area within 

 the walls five acres, three roods, and eight perches. The 

 walls were flanked by round projecting towers at the angles, 

 and by fquare ones at irregular diftances along the fides, 

 re are marks ot two of thefe in the weft wall, and of 

 two others, befides the Porta-Decumana, in the north wall, 

 and of two more in the foutli wall ; in which undoubtedly 

 was a third, that has fallen down the bank. Thefe fquare 

 towers, projecting about eight feet from the wall, were 

 folid nearly eight feet from the foundation, above which 

 they were hollow. In the main wall within thefe towers 

 are four large, round, fmooth holes in a row, each about 

 nine inches in diameter, and penetrating about eight feet 

 into the fubllance of the main wall. Below thefe are 

 fmaller holes, four inches in diameter, that run about ten 

 inches into the wall ; all which feem to have fcrved for the 

 infertion of beams, to fupport an apparatus of defenfivc filling in the foliaceous calyx o( Cyjlatithe, ' and its w»nt of 



etting 

 courfe of the voyage. Labillardiere has dedicated a genus 

 to this companion of his labours, but it proves no other 

 than what Forfter had previoufly publifhed as Craspkima ; 

 fee that article. Brown Prodr. Nov. Holl. v. 1. 555. 

 — Clafs and order, Pentandria Monogynia. Nat. Old. Epa- 

 cridee, Brown. 



Ed. Ch. Calyx membranous, fimple, in five deep feg- 

 ments. Corolla of one petal, clofed, hood-like, fplitting 

 tranfverfely ; its abrupt bafe remaining. Stamens infertcd 

 into the receptacle, permanent. Five fcales under the ger. 

 men. Capfule fuperior, of five cells. Receptacles feparate, 

 pendulous from the top of the central column. 



1. R. dracopbylla. — Gathered by Mr. Brown, in Van 

 Diemen's ifland. AJhrui, varying remarkably in ftature, 

 being only eighteen inches high on the tummiis of the 

 mountains, but in woods at their fides becoming a fmall 

 tree, of the t of ten feeL "It has altogether the 



habit of Labillardicre's Dracophyllum montunum, dillcring 

 only in 11 (i jular economy or the corolla, which how 

 feems fufficient to mark it for a diflintt genus." Brown. 

 Notwithstanding the opinion of this judicious author, we 

 prcl'ume to think his Cyflanthc, Prodr. Nov. Holl. v. 1. 

 555, fcarcely fufficiently diftinguilhed from the above, 

 corollas and capfules agree; the only differem 



machinery. Within the area, towards the north-end corner, 

 and beneath the furface of the ground, is a folid rectan- 

 gular platform of mafonry 144 feet long, r< -j feel wide, 

 and 5 feet thick. It is compofed of holders and • 

 mortar; and is covered on the upper Gde with a coal of 

 the fame fort of mortar to the depth of fix feet. In the 

 centre of the platform is the bafe or foundation of a building 



fcales below the germen. We feel the more difpofed to 

 unite thefe genera, as there is but one known fpecics of 

 1 ithi r". 



RICHEFORT, or Ricciafoht, John, in Biography, 

 1 Netherlandish mufical compofei ot confiderable 1 

 If- 1. placed by Wahher in the middle ol the fixteenth 



iny ; but he was certainly a compofer many year: 



1 f 2 fore 



