R I C 



throne. His queen, Caroline, was very partial to the fpot, 

 and had a dairy and menagerie here ; leveral ornamental 

 buildings were alio difperfed by the Lime princefs through, 

 out the gardens, in one of which, called the Hermitage, 

 fhe placed the bulls of Newton, Locke, and other eminent 

 literary characters. His prelent majefty frequently refuted 

 here in the early part of his reign ; and was fo llrongly at- 

 tached to the place, that he ordered the old lodge to be 

 demolifhed with the view of building a magnificent palace 

 on its fcite, which, however, has never rifen above the 

 foundation ; but an obfervatory has been erected at a fhort 

 diftance from it, according to defigns furnilhed by fir 

 William Chambers. Here is a mural arc of 140 degrees 

 and eight feet radius ; a zenith feftor of twelve feet ; a 

 tranfit inltrument of eight feet ; and a ten-feet reflector by 

 Herfchel. On the top of the building is a moveable dome, 

 which contains an equatorial inftrument. Part of the Old 

 Park forms a grazing and a dairy farm in his majefly's own 

 occupancy. The remainder conltitutes the royal gardens, 

 which were firlt laid out by Bridgeman, and afterwards 

 altered to their prefent improved itate by Brown. The 

 other park, viz, the New or Great Park, made by Charles I. 

 met with great oppofition to its formation, and may be 

 reckoned among the impolitic meafures of his reign. It 

 was prefented to the common council of London by the par- 

 liament ; but was reltored to the crown in 1660. The 

 rangerlhip of this park is confidered an office of high dignity 

 and trult, and has been frequently held by a female branch 

 of the royal family. 



Within Richmond pariflt were anciently fituated feveral 

 religious houfes. Edward II. founded here a convent of 

 Carmelite friars, and endowed it with an annual income of 

 120 marks out of his exchequer; but only two years 

 after its eflablifhment he removed the monks to Oxford. 

 Henry V. alfo founded here a houfe for the maintenance 

 of friars of the Carthufian order, whom he incorporated 

 by the name of the Houfe of .Tefus of Bethlehem, at Sliene. 

 The foundation charter defcribes it as built on the north 

 fide of the palace ; and it appears from records to have 

 been a (tructure of great extent and magnificence. At the 

 difiolution its annual revenues were eltimated at 962/. 1 is.6(/., 

 and fhortly after its fcite was granted to Edward, earl ot 

 Hertford. A third convent was eredted here by Henry VII. 

 about the year 1499, and filled with friars of the Francifcan 

 order. This eftablifhment was fupprefled in 1534, but its 

 value is not recorded. 



Richmond churcli is dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen, 

 and confills of a nave, two aifles, and a chancel, built of 

 bricks, with a fquare embattled tower at the welt end, con- 

 itrudted of (lone and flints in chequers. The principal 

 monuments here arethofe of Henry, lord vifcount Brounker, 

 cofferer to king Charles II. ; admiral Holborn ; fir Matthew 

 Decker ; lady Chaworth, relict of fir Richard Chaworth, who 

 died in 1689 ; lady Howard, relict of William lord Howard 

 of Efcnck ; James Thompfon, author of the " Sealons ;" 

 and that of Mrs. Yates, the celebrated actrefs, who died 

 in 1787. This church is in the diocefe of Winchellcr, and 

 in the deanery of Ewell. According to the parliamentary 

 returns of 181 1, the parifh contains 875 houfes, and 5219 

 inhabitants. Hiltory and Antiquities of the County of 

 Surrey, by the late Rev. Owen Manning, S.T.P. continued 

 by William Bray, efq. of Shire, fol. vol. i. 1804. Salmon's 

 Antiquities of Surrey, 8vo. 1732. Lyfons's Environs of 

 London, vol. i. 4to. Maurice's Richmond, a poem, 4to. 



Richmond, a townfhip of America, on the W. line of 

 Maflachulctts, in Berkfhire county ; 17 miles W. by S. 

 from Lenox, and 150 W. of Bollon. Iron ore of the 

 Vol. XXX. 



R I C 



belt quality is found here ; but as it lies deep, it is raifed 

 at a great expence. It abounds with liinc-ilone, and ccarfe, 

 white, and clouded marble. It was incorporated in 17-c, 

 ..1 1 contains an iron-work, three grill-mills, a fulling-mill] 



two few-mills, with 1041 inhabitants Alfo, a townfhip 



of Chefhire county, New Hampfhire, on the Maflachufetcs 

 line, about 1 1 miles E. of Connecticut river, and 97 W. 

 by S. from Portfmouth. It was incorporated 111 1752, 

 and contains 1290 inhabitants — Alfo, a townfhip in Wafh- 

 ington county, Rhode ifland, feparated from Hopkington 

 on the W. by Ward's river, a branch of Paucutuck river. 

 It is diltant about 19 miles W. of Newport, and contains 

 1330 inhabitants Alfo, a county of New York, compre- 

 hending the whole of Staten ifland; which lee.— Alfo, a 

 county of North Carolina, in Fayette dillridl, bounded S. 

 by the Hate of South Carolina, and N. by Moore county. 

 It contains 6695 inhabitants. The chief town is Rocking- 

 ham. The S.E. part of the county is a continued plain, 

 covered in many places by pines, and moltly inhabited by 

 Scotfmen. The upper part lias hills and vallies. In the 

 middle and ealt parts large tradls remain uncultivated. 

 The inhabitants, with regard to religion, are Prefbyterians, 

 Baptills, Methodiits, and Quakers. Their houfes are logs, 

 covered with flabs. — Alfo, a county of Virginia, bounded 

 N. and N.E. by Weilmorelaud, and S. and S.W. by 

 Rappahannock river, which feparates it from Effex county. 

 It contains 6214 inhabitants. The court-houfe is 273 miles 

 from Philadelphia — Alfo, the prefent feat of government 

 of the ftate of Virginia, fituated in Henrico county, on 

 the N. fide of James' river, at the foot of the falls, and 

 containing between 400 and 500 houfes; built partly on 

 the bank of the river fo as to be convenient for trade, and 

 partly upon an eminence that overlooks the lower part of 

 the town, and commands an extenfive profpedl of the river 

 and country. The new houfes are well built, and the ftate- 

 houfe is on the hill. In this town is an elegant llatue of 

 the illultrious Wafliington, executed at Paris. The lower 

 part of the town is divided by a creek, over which is a con- 

 venient bridge. Another bridge of curious conilrudtion 

 connects the city with Mancheiter. The public buildings, 

 befides the llate-houfe, are an epifcopal church, a court- 

 houfe, gaol, theatre, and three tobacco warehoufes. At 

 the W. end of the town are feveral mills. Near the mills 

 are a diflillery and brewery. The falls above the bridge 

 are feven miles in length. A noble canal is cut on the N. 

 fide of the river, which terminates in a bafin of about two 

 acres, in the town of Richmond. Richmond is 626 miles 

 from Bolton, 374 from New York, 176 from Baltimore, 

 278 from Philadelphia, 247 from Fayetteville, 497 from 

 Charlelton, and 662 from Savannah. N. lat. 37°4o'. W. 

 long. 77 50'. — Alfo, a county of the upper diflrict of 

 Georgia, in which is fituated the city of Augufta ; it is 

 feparated from South Carolina on the E. by Savannah river, 

 and contains fix towns and 6189 inhabitants. — Alio, a 

 townfhip in Chittenden county, Vermont, cllablilhed in 

 1794: it contains an excellent trad of hind, and lies on 

 both fides of Onion river. It has 935 inhabitants.— Alfo, 

 a town, or rather village, in the ifland of St. Vincent, in 

 the Well Indies; fituated at the head of a deep bay, on 

 the W. fide of the ifland. Cbateaubelair river runs on the 

 S. fide ot the town, which gives name to the bay. An- 

 other river on the N. fide of the town empties into the 

 bay. — Alfo, a townfhip in Lenox county, Upper Canada, 

 N. of Frederickfburgh in the bay of Quinte, and watered 

 in front by the river Appennie. 



RICHMOND Bay, a bay on the N. coalt of the ifland of 

 St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. 



Gg RICHOLD, 



