it I G 



R J L 



tain, in the country of the Brigantes, placed by Camden 

 and Baxter at Ribchefter in Lancafhire ; but Horfley prefers 

 Manchefter or Warrington. See Ribchester. 



RIGOLL, or Regals, a kind of mufical inftrument, 

 confifting of feveral flicks bound together, only feparated 

 by beads. It makes a tolerable harmony, being well ftruck 

 with a ball at the end of a flick. 



Such is the account which Graffineau gives of this inftru- 

 ment. 



Skinner, upon the authority of an old Englifh diftionary, 

 reprefents it as a clavichord, or clarichord ; poffibly found- 

 ing his opinion on the nature of the office of the tuner of 

 the regak, who ftill fubfifls in the eftablifhment of the king's 

 chapel at St. James's, and whofe bufinefs is to keep the 

 organ of the chapel royal in tune ; and not knowing that 

 fuch wind inftruments as the organ need frequent tuning, as 

 well as the clavichord and other flringed inftruments. 



Sir Henry Spelman derives the word rig ol from the Italian 

 rigabello, a mufical inftrument, anciently ufed in churches 

 inftead of the organ. 



Walther, in his defcription of the regal, makes it to be a 

 reed-work in an organ, with metal and alfo wooden pipes, 

 and bellows, adapted to it. And he adds, that the name 

 of it is fuppofed to be owing to its having been prefented 

 by the inventor to fome king. 



From an account of the regal, ufed in Germany, and 

 other parts of Europe, it appears to confifl of pipes and 

 keys on one fide, and the bellows and wind-cheft on the 

 other. 



We may add, that lord Bacon (Nat. Hifl. cent. ii. § 102.) 

 diftinguifhes between the regal and organ, in a manner 

 which fhews them to be inftruments of the fame clafs. 

 Upon the whole there is reafon to conclude, that the regal, 

 or rigol, was a pneumatic, and not a flringed inftrument. 



Merfennus relates that the Flemings invented an inftru- 

 ment, les regales de hois, confifting of feventeen cylindrical 

 pieces of wood, decreafing gradually in length, fo as to 

 produce a fucceffion of tones and femitones in the diatonic 

 feries, which had keys, and was played on as a fpinnet ; the 

 hint of which, he fays, was taken from an inftrument in ufe 

 among the Turks, confifting of twelve wooden cylinders, of 

 different lengths, lining together, which, being fufpended, 

 and ftruck with a flick, having a ball at the end, produced 

 mufic. Hawkins'6 Hifl. Muf. vol. ii. p. 449. See Regal. 



RIGOMAGUS, in Geography, a town of Italy, in Li- 

 guria, at a fmall diftance N. of Afta. 



RIGOR, in Medicine, ifhivering, or the flight convulfive 

 tremors, attended by a fenfation of cold, which occur either 

 from aftual expofure to cold, or from that condition of the 

 body which ufually precedes a paroxyfm of fever, or which, 

 it fhould rather be faid, conftitutes one of the firft fymp- 

 toms of a febrile paroxyfm. (See Fever.) There is often 

 no abfolute diminution ef the heat in the body, when this 

 fenfation of cold, and even aftual fhivering, with a difpofi- 

 tion to fit near a fire, or to be loaded with blankets, occur. 

 It arifes, therefore, from fome peculiar affeftion of the brain 

 and nervous fyflem, and not from aftual deficiency of heat. 

 This is farther proved by the circumftance, that a fimilar 

 tremor, or rigor, is capable of being temporarily excited by 

 certain impreilions upon the fenforium ; as by certain fights, 

 or even thoughts, that excite horror : whence, indeed, the 

 word horror is applied by medical writers in nearly the fame 

 fenfe with rigor. 



Rigor, or chillinefs, precedes or commences the attack 

 of almoll all febrile and inflammatory difeafes ; whence the 

 vulgar, miflaking the firft fymptom for the caufe, afcribe 

 all thefe difeafes to the agency of cold, the operation of 



which they conceive to have been accomplifhed at the time 

 when the rigor occurred. It takes place at the beginning 

 of quinfey, pleurify, peripneumony, and all the organic 

 inflammations ; at the commencement of almofl all fevers . 

 and at each fuch fucceflive paroxyfm or even exacerbation 

 of intermittent, remittent, and heftic fevers : it conftitutes 

 the moft linking feature, indeed, of the intermittent fever, 

 which is hence called the ague by the common people, in 

 contradiflinftion from the fever, or hot fit, which enfues. 

 The tremor and clattering of the teeth are often fo great, 

 indeed, in the cold fit of an ague, as to fhake the bed 

 and its furniture about the patient. It made even Crfar 

 tremble. 



" He had a fever when he was in Spain, 

 And, when the fit was on him, I did mark 

 How he did fhake : 'tis true, this god did (hake." 



Shakfpeare. 



The rigor is a fymptom ftill more notorious in pathology, 

 as having been the foundation of Dr. Cullcn's whole theory 

 of fever. That phyfician maintained, that the rigor, or 

 cold Jit, having been produced by the fedative influence of 

 the common caufes of fever on the brain, became itfelf the 

 caufe of the fucceeding hot and fwe ating ilages, by roufing 

 the heart and arteries to greater aftions, in order to throw 

 back the load of blood into the extreme veffels, which had 

 been driven to the centre by the conftriftion of the latter, 

 while the rigor lafted. The reader will find this doftrine 

 ftated, and refuted, under the article Fever, and the head 

 Cullenian Theory. It is not difficult to fhew, refpefting this, 

 as well as the vulgar opinion, that the rigor, like the heat, 

 and the fweating, is one in the chain of ejfeSs, and not a 

 caufe of the phenomena which enfue. But it would be 

 equally difficult to explain the immediate caufe of any of 

 them. 



RIGOSA, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the de- 

 partment of the Serio ; 3 mile» N.N.W. of Bergamo. 



RIGOURISTS, in Ecclefiaftical Bi/lory. See Jan- 

 senism. 



RIGUSA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Spain, in 

 the Tarragonenfis, belonging to the Carpetani. Ptolemy. 



RIK, in Geography, a town of Perfia, in the province of 

 Irak ; 12 miles N. of Ifpahan. 



RIKEBACH, a town of Germany, in the county of 

 Bregentz ; 7 miles S.S.E. of Bregentz. 



RIKIKES, a town of Thibet; 35 miles S. of Deu- 

 prag. 



RIL, a town of Africa, in Darfur ; 60 miles S.S.E. of 

 Cobbe. 



RILANDA, a town of Sweden, in the province of 

 Upland ; 28 miles N.E. of Stockholm. 



RILEY, John, in Biography, a portrait painter, and the 

 beft which England had produced prior to fir Jofhua Rey- 

 nolds. He was born in London in 1646. After the death 

 of Lely he obtained very confiderable efteem and em- 

 ployment. He painted the portraits of king Charles II., 

 James II. and his queen, and was appointed by James ftate- 

 painter. His flyle is compofed from Vandyke and Lely, 

 and his execution is free and maflerly, and bears an air of 

 originality. He died in 169 1, at the age of 45. 



RILL, or Rivulet. See River. 



Rill, in Agriculture, a fmai! runlet of water, moftly 

 rifing on the fides of fmall hills or declivities. In many 

 fituations they may be converted to ufeful purpofes in huf- 

 bandry, fuch as the irrigation of pafture or meadow lands 

 that lie below their levels ; the fupplying of grafs grounds 

 with water, for the purpofes of live-ftock ; and the afford- 

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