R I O 



of his profefllon. After having twice undergone the ope- 

 ration of lithotomy, he lived to the age of eighty years, 

 and died at Paris in February 1657. 



Riolan was devoted to the finely of anatomy, and was 

 one of the mod expert and learned anatomilts of his time ; 

 his learning, indeed, was rather an obftacle in the way of 

 his progreis as a difcoverer, or perhaps we mould fay his 

 devotion to the ancients ; for, in many cafes, he feemed to 

 fee only through their eyes. Yet he was arrogant in his 

 claims to originality, and by his pertinacity and farcaltic 

 contempt of others, he raifed hinilelf many opponents and 

 enemies. He published fcveral original obiervations, how- 

 ever, refpefting many parts of anatomical fcience, efpe- 

 cially refpefting the ftrufture of the colon, the biliary 

 duct?, the uteres and vagina, the tongue, os hyoides, &c. 

 None of his anatomical works contain any engravings ; as 

 he maintained that no reprefentations could fuperfede the 

 ftudy of nature. All his lludies, however, were not con- 

 fined to anatomy, as the following lilt of his works will 

 evince. " Brevis excurfus in Battologiam Quercetani, quo 

 Alchemic principia funditus diruuntur, et Artis Veritas 

 demonilratur," Par. 1604. " Comparatio veteris Medicine 

 cum nova, Hippocratica: in Hermetica, Dogmatics, cum 

 Spagyrica," 1605. " Difputatio de Monllro Lutctia: 

 1605 nato." " Incurfionum Quercetani depullio," id. 

 " Cenfura demonftrationis Harveti pro veritate Alchymia-," 

 1606. " Schola Anatomica novis et raris obfervationibus 

 illuilrata. Adjuncla ell accurata foetus humani hilloria," 

 1607 ; enlarged by the author with the title of " Anatome 

 corporis humani," 1610. " In Librum CI. Galcni de 

 Offibus, ad Tyrones explanr.tiones apologetics pro Galeno, 

 adverfus novitios et novatores Anatomicos," 1 G t '-{ . " Gi- 

 gantomachie," 1613, written in refutation of Habicot's 

 account of the diicovery of the bones of the giant TeutO- 

 bochus. Riolan publiflied two other trafts, or more, upon 

 this controverfy, which ended with the appearance of his 

 " Gigantologie ; difcours fur la grandeur des Geants, &c." 

 in 1618. " Olteologia ex veterum et recentiorum prae- 

 ceptis defcripta," 1614. " Difcours fur les Herma- 

 phrodits, oil il eft demontrc, contre l'opinion commune, 

 qu'il n'y a point de vrais Hermaphrodits," 1614. " Ana- 

 tomica, feu Anthropographia," 1618. " Enchiridium 

 anatomicum et pathologicum," 1648, and many times re- 

 printed; the bed edition is of Paris, 1658. " Opufcula 

 anatomica nova," Loud. 1649, containing remarks 011 1 lie 

 anatomical works of the moll celebrated phyficians, and 

 an attack upon Harvey, and his doftrine of the circulation, 

 of which Riolan was a great antagonilt. " Curieufes Re- 

 chcrches fur les ccoles de Mcdccine de Paris et de Mont- 

 pelier," l6ct. He alfo publifhed three different works, 

 entitled "Opufcula anatomica," in 1650, and the three 

 following years, oppofing the doclriiies of Bartholine and 

 Pecquet, refpefting the abforbents and lafteals, and Har- 

 ney's on the circulation ; and two more on the fame fub- 

 jefts, with the titles of " Refponlio prima, et altera," 1652 

 and i6yy. Eloy Dift. Hift. de la Med. 



RlOLl, in Geography, a town of Naples, in Capitanata ; 

 1 1 miles S. of Manfredonia. 



RIOLO, a town of Italy, in the department of the 

 Amone ; nine miles W. of Facn/a. 



RIOM, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Cantal, and chief place of a canton, in the diilrift of Mau- 

 riac ; 15 miles E.N.E. of Mauriac. The place contains 

 1114, and the canton 7498 inhabitants, on a territory of 210 

 kiliometrcs, in 12 communes. 



RlOM, a town of France, and principal place of a diftrift, 

 in the department of the Puy-de-D6me ; eight miles N. of 



It 1 o 



Clermont-Ferrand. The place contains 13,328 inhabitants 

 in both its E. and W. divilions ; the canton of the former 

 includes 12,433, and the latter 12,441 inhabitants; the 

 territory of the former being 70, and that of the latter 

 24^ kiliometrcs, the former having feven, and the latter five, 

 communes. N. lat. 45 43'. E. long. 3 11'. 



RIONDO, in Ichthyology, a name ufed by fome for the 

 fifli more commonly called riper, a fmall fiili, of the fhape 

 of the faber or doree, caught in the Mediterranean. 



RIONE, or Rioni, in Geography, a river of Afia, an- 

 ciently called " Phafis," which rifes in the principality of 

 Georgia, and forming the fouthern boundary of Min- 

 grelia, runs into the Black fea, N. lat. 42° 15'. E. long. 

 4 l ° 2 S'- 



RIONS, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Gironde ; three miles N.W. of Cadillac. 



RIOPA, a town of Spain, inNewCaftile; 13 miles S. 

 of Alcaraz. 



RIOS, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Upper Saone, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrift of 

 Vefoul. The place contaiiHi 578, and the canton 9028 in- 

 habitants, on a territory of 230 kiliometres, in 34 com- 

 munes. 



Rios, a town of Chili; 90 miles N.N. E. of Valparayfo. 



RIOSECO, a town of Spain, in the province of" Leon ; 

 96 miles N.N.W. of Madrid. N. lat. 41 C2'. W. long-. 

 5° 7'- S 



RIOT, in Law, the forcible doing of an unlawful thing, 

 of a private nature, by three or more perfons affembled 

 together for that purpofe ; either with or without a com- 

 mon caule or quarrel (3 Inft. 176.): as if they beat a 

 man ; or hunt and kill game in another's park, chafe, 

 warren, or liberty ; or do any other unlawful aft with force 

 and violence ; or even do a lawful aft, as removing a nui- 

 lance, in a violent and tumultuous manner. 



The word is formed from the Latin riota, of ar'utare, to 

 run at each other as rams do. Though, from an ancient 

 Gauhfh verfion of the bible, quoted by Skinner, riot 

 fliould rather feem originally to fignify luxury and excefs ; 

 whence our law riot might proceed ; becaufe thefe are fre- 

 quently attended with quarrels. 



For the difference between a riot, rout, and unlawful 

 affembly, fee Rout, and Unlawful sljpmlly. 



The punimment of riots and routs, where a number of 

 perlons from three to eleven are concerned, is, by the com- 

 mon law, fine and imprifonment only ; to which, in very 

 enormous cafes, the pillory has been fometimes fuperadded. 

 (1 Hawk. P.C. 159.) And by the ftat. 13 Hen. IV. c. 7. 

 any two jullices, together with the flieriff or under-meriff 

 of the county, may come with the poffc comitatus, if need 

 be, and fupprefs any Rich riot, allembly, or rout, arrell 

 the rioters, and record upon the fpot the nature and cir- 

 cumftances of the whole tranfaftion ; which record alone 

 (hall be a fufficient conviftion of the offenders ; and it is 

 held that any battery, wounding, or killing the rioters, 

 that may happen in fuppiefling the riot, is jultiliable. The 

 riotous allembluig of twelve perfons or more, and not dif- 

 pcrfing upon proclamation, was llril made high treafou 

 by flat. 3 & 4 Edward VI. c. 5. but repealed by (lat. 

 1 Mary, c. I. Neverthelefs, the offence was made a 

 fingle felony by 1 Mar. ftat. 2. c. J 2. and by 1 Eliz. 

 c. 16. will* whom the law expired. However, it was re- 

 vived, in order to fupport the execution of the aft of fettle- 

 ment, and made perpetual by I Geo. I. c. 5. which enafts, 

 that it any twelve perfons arc unlawfully allemblcd to the 

 difturbance oi the peace, and any one jullicc of the peace, 

 (hcriff, uiHier-iVi.il, or mayor of a town, (hall think. 



proper 



