it () G 



ROGANELLO, in Geography, a river of Naples, 

 which runs into the gulf of Tarcnto, near Civita Men- 

 drino. 



ROGATCHE\', a town of Ruffia, in the govern- 

 ment of Mogilev, on the Dnieper ; 76 miles S. of Mo- 

 gilev. N. lat. 52 36'. E. long. 30° 14'. 



ROOATIO, Rogation, in the Roman J unf prudence, 

 a demand male by the confuls, or the tribunes, of the Ro- 

 man people, when a law was propofed to be palfed. 



The demand was made in thefe terms : Do you will ami 

 appoint 1 hat (for inilance) wow be declared againjl Philip? 

 This was the rogat'to ; and what the people returned in 

 .mfwer, as, The Roman people do appoint tvar to be made 

 againjl Philip, was the derretum, decree, or rejohe. 



The word rogat'to is frequently alio ufed for the decree 

 itfelf, to diftinguifh it from a fcnatus-confultum, or decree 

 of the fenate. 



Frequently, alfo, rogalio is ufed in the fame fenfe with 

 law, becaufe there never were any laws eflablifhed among 

 the Romans, but what was done by this kind of rogation. 

 Otherwife they were null. 



ROGATION Week, the week immediately preced- 

 ing Whitfunday ; thus called from three falls therein ; 

 vis. on the Monday, Tuefday, and Wednefday, before 

 Holy Thurfd.iy, or the Afcenfion of our Lord ; called 

 alfo Rogations, or Rogation days, becaufe of the extraordi- 

 nary prayers, and procefiions then made, for the fruits of 

 the earth. 



Dr. Godolphin fays, the Rogation days derive their 

 name from certain ordinances for abftinence, or days of 

 failing, which the bifhop of Rome recommended to be 

 obferved by the Weftern churches, before he affumed the 

 power of compulfion ; and which he, therefore, called by 

 the gentle name of Rogation, the time of abftinence being 

 appointed at the beginning by that ordinance, which was 

 called Rogatio, and not lex, or decretum. 



The firft who appointed thefe rogations was St. Mamer- 

 tus, bifhop of Vienne, who, in 474, aflembled feveral 

 bifhops, to implore the mercy of God by a fall of three 

 days, on occafion of an incurfion then made into the country 

 by a number of wild beads. Others fay, it was firll fet on 

 foot by the fame Mamertus, in 463, on occafion of fome 

 great public calamities. 



His example was foon followed, firfl by the church of 

 Clermont, in Auvergnc, then by all their neighbours, and 

 afterwards throughout all Gaul. 



In 801, Leo III. confirmed this fafl, and made it uni- 

 verfal. 



ROGATORES, among the Romans, thofe who in the 

 comitia centuriata brought the chell into which the people 

 threw the ballots containing their votes. 



ROGE, in Geography, a town of Sweden, in the pro- 

 vince of Skone ; 28 miles N.W. of Chriftianlladt. 



ROGEHAUSEN, a town of Prufii», in the palatinate 

 of Culm; 21 miles N.E of Culm. 



ROGELGRUBE, a town of Pruflia, in the Frifche 

 Neruug; 15 miles N.W. of Elbing. 



ROGELIM, in Scripture Geography, a place of Judea, 

 in the tribe of Gad, the refidence of Barzillai ; mentioned 

 in the book of Kings. 



ROGER, in Biography, firll king of Sicily, born in 

 1097, was fon of Roger, count of Sicily, and grandfon 

 of the Norman Tancred of Hautevillr. He fucceeded in 

 his fourth year to the fovereignty of Sicily, under the 

 guardianfhip of his mother Adelaide. As foon as he aflumed 

 the reins of government, he endeavoured to obtain the un- 

 divided poffelfion of Palermo, of which a half belonged to 



ROG 



the elder branch ot his family, and alio to enlarge the 

 bounds of his eftates in Calabria. On the death of his re- 

 lation, William, duke of Apulia, he was proclaimed at 

 Reggio duke of Apulia and Calabria ; but the pope, 

 Honorius II., refilled for fome time to grant him an invelli- 

 ture to thofe duchies ; at length, however, an accommodation 

 was efFeftvd, and the pope became his friend. He was now 

 a powerful prince, and being urged by fome of his iubjects 

 to allumc the regal title, he readily complied with their 

 wilhes. In 1 1 30 he convoked an aflembly of his barons at 

 Palermo, and received with great pomp and ceremony the 

 royal crown of Sicily from the hands of a cardinal, dele- 

 gated for the purpofe. He was inverted at the fame time 

 with the principality of Capua and the dukedom of Naples. 

 A rebellion broke out among his new fubjecls in Italy, 

 which obliged him to retire to Salerno, and thence to Sicily. 

 Roger, at this period, had efpoufed the caufe of Anacletus, 

 while the emperor Lolhaire had efpoufed the caufe of In- 

 nocent II., who was hkewife acknowledged by feveral of 

 the Italian flates. A formidable confederacy was formed 

 againft Roger, 111 which the republic of Pifa, then a power- 

 ful maritime ftatc, took a leading part. An aftive war 

 was carried on for feveral years with various fuccefs in the 

 fouth of Italy. In 1137 the emperor reduced the whole 

 of Apulia, of which a new duke was created, while Roger 

 was excommunicated by Innocent II. In 1139 he took 

 the pope prifoncr, who was obliged to purchafe his liberty 

 by the sbfolution of the king, and his invelliture in Sicily, 

 Apulia, and Capua. From this period the affairs of Roger 

 became profperous, and the fuccefl'ors of Innocent, who 

 had l-efufed to acknowledge his regal title, were brought to 

 comply by the terror of his arms. About the year 1 146, 

 Roger carried his arms into Africa, and after reducing 

 Malta, which from this period was annexed to the crown 

 of Sicily, he made himfelf mailer of Tripoli, Tunis, and 

 other extenfive tracks along the fea-coait, which he rendered 

 tributary. About the fame time he avenged himfelf of 

 the injullice of the Greek emperor, Manuel, who had im. 

 priloned his amballadors, and offered him other indignities, 

 by fending a powerful fleet, which took the ifland of Corfu, 

 and cruelly ravaged the coaft of Morea. One refult of 

 this expedition was, the carrying off a number of filk maim 

 fa&urers, and fettling them in Apulia and Sicily, where 

 they introduced their art. His admiral advanced as far as 

 Conflantinople, the fuburbs of which he pillaged and burnt; 

 and he had the honour of fetting at liberty Lewis VII. 

 of France, who. on his return from the Holy Land, had 

 been intercepted by a Grecian fquadron. Manuel, how- 

 ever, afliflrd by the Venetians, purlued and in part dellroyed 

 the Sicilian fleet, and recovered Corfu. Roger now a/To- 

 ciated his only furviving fon with him on the throne, and 

 after employing the lalt years of his life in erefting monu- 

 ments of his munificence and piety, he expired at Palermo 

 in the year 1154, in the 58th year of his age, and 25th of 

 his reign as king, leaving the character of one of the 

 ablelt, mod vigorous, and fortunate princes of his time. 

 Gibbon, vol. x. Mod. Univer. Hill. 



Roger de Hoveden, a learned hiftorian of the 13th cen- 

 tury, was probably born at the town of Hoveden or Howden, 

 in Yorkfhirc, fome time in the reign of Henry I. Having 

 received the iarly parts of Ins education, he began to Itudy 

 the civil and canon law, winch wire then become the moft 

 fafhionable branches of learning. He was appointed do- 

 Bieftic. chaplain to He .ry II., who employed him in many 

 eccleliallical affairs, 111 « Inch lie acquitted himfelf with high 

 honour. He is, however, bell known by his Annals of 

 England, from the year 731, where Bede's EcclrfiaUical 

 \ H 2 Hiltory 



