R O L 



It O L 



Iarly in what related to the arts, which, on bit return, 



fained him admiffion into a great Dumber of learned loci 

 ;arly in the revolution he became a member of the munici- 

 pality of Lyons, and founded there a club, which he 

 connected with the Jacobin club of Paris. In 1790 he 

 went to the capital, took a decided mare with the popu- 

 lar party, and in March 1792, was raifed to the adr 

 ilration of the interior. He feenw now to have pofl'efl'ed 

 an enthufialtic love and attachment to a republican form of 

 government. The firft day that he appeared before the 

 king, he went with flraight undreffed hair, a black coat, and 

 fhoes without buckles 1 his behaviour was, at the fame time, 

 fo very uncourtly, that his majeily difmifi'ed him a very fliort 

 time before he himfelf was reduced to fcenes of adverfity 

 and the moit poignant diltrefs. From this time Roland at- 

 tached himfelf more than ever to the Jacobins, and was pro- 

 bably deeply implicated in the bulinefs of the 20th of June 

 and 10th of Auguit of that fame year. He deprecated, 

 however, the cruelties of the 2d of September, and de- 

 nounced the horrors that were tranfaaing under the made of 

 patriotifm. As the violent gained afcendency, Roland was 

 declining in credit. . On the 20th of January 1793, he » a* 

 member of the provifional executive council, figned the 

 order for the execution of the king : this was one of his 

 lalt official ads : yielding to the voice of the Mountain 

 faction he refigned, and was involved in the profcription 

 which ifi'ued againit the BrifTotines ; but he contrived to 

 efcape from Paris, and conceal himfelf among his friends at 

 Rouen : as foon, however, as he heard of his wife's execu- 

 tion, he determined not to furvive her. He llabbed himfelf 

 near the high road, leaving a paper containing the following 

 lines ; " whoever you may be that find me lying here, refpect 

 my remains ; they are thofe of a man who devoted his whole 

 life to being ufeful, and who died, as he lived, virtuous and 

 honed." Roland was kind and obliging to his friends, but 

 ROKETNITZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of the irafcibility of his temper made him many enemies. He was 



Konigingratz ; feven miles N. of Geyerfberg. deeply read in the learned, and in feveral modern languages, 



ROKHAGE. See Arokhage. and was author of the following works : " An Ed'ay on the 



ROKIT, Cape, a cape on the N. coaft of Africa, at the Rearing of Flocks and the Improvement of Wool;" " The 



entrance into the ftraits of Babelmandcb ; 60 miles W. of Art of the Woollen-Cloth Printer, of the Cotton-Velvet 



cape Guardefai. Maker," &c. This work forms the Compendium of Mccha- 



ROKITNO, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of nical Arts, publifhed by the Academy of Sciences. "Letters 



Brzefk ; 72 miles E.S.E. of Pinfk. 



more tumultuous ; all the courts of jufticc rang with their 

 divifions and quarrels, bv which the law was enriched, and 

 the public amufed, at their expence. The interregnum 

 lafted from 1685 to 1741, when the celebrated Guignon, 

 the violinift, was ambitious of having the royalty revived 

 in his favour. The king had the goodnels to comply with 

 his requeit, and honoured him with the ininltrel crown, on 

 the 15th of June the fame year. But his eleftion awaken- 

 ing a defire to revive certain prerogatives, which he pre- 

 tended to be inherent in his crown, he had fuits and aftions 

 to defend againit a holt of muficians, particularly the or- 

 ganifts, who obtained a complete victory ; and Guignon, 

 willing to give a proof of his love for the arts and difin- 

 tereftednefs, generoufly, and voluntarily, refigned his fove- 

 reignty of king of the minltrels. 



ROIDALK, in Geography, a town of Norway ; 48 miles 

 N.N.E. of Stavanger. 



ROIHA. SeeOuRFA. 



ROIOC, in Botany, a barbarous South American, or 

 perhapi Spanifh, name, for one of Plumier's genera, rightly 

 referred by other botanilts to Morinda ; fee that article. 



ROISELLE, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Somme, and chief place of a canton, in 

 the diitritt, of Peronne; fix miles E.N.E. of Peronne. 

 The place contains 1 122, and the canton 14,428 inhabitants, 

 on a territory of 190 kiliometres, in 23 communes. 



ROKEJECA, in Botany, an Arabic name, inadmiffible 

 in fyftematic language, applied by Forfkall, FL ./Egypt- 

 Arab. 90, and adopted by Juffieu, Gen. 313, for a fuppofed 

 genus of the natural order of Portulacex, found in fandy 

 watte ground about Cairo. Juffieu fuppofes it akin to Trian- 

 thema. The capfule however is faid to have only one cell, 

 and there is a corolla of five petals. We know not that thofe 

 who have feen Forfkall's fpecimens, have thrown any light 

 on this fubjeft. 



ROKITZANY, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 

 Pilfen ; eight miles E. of Pilfen. 



ROKOL, an ifie, or rather large rock, which, according 

 to M. Kerguclen, is lituated in N. lat. 57 50', and long. 16 

 W. of Paris ; or about 5 S.W. of St. Kilda. 



ROKOSNIA, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 

 Braclaw, on the Bog ; 16 miles W.N.W. of Braclaw. 



written from Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, and 

 1782." A new edition of this work was publifhe 



Malta, in 

 publifticd in 1800. 

 They are addrefled to a lady whom he foon after married, and 

 are filled with uleful views and interelling accounts of the 

 manufactories of various countries. See the next article. 



Roland, Marie-Jeanne Philepon, wife of the pre- 

 ceding, was born at Paris in 17C4. She was the daughter 

 of an eminent engraver, who, though highly diltinguifhed 111 



ROLAND, DE la Pi.atieue, J. M., in Biography, his profellion, had brought himfelf to ruin by extravagance 



born at Villafranche, near Lyons, of a family diltinguiihed 

 in the profellion of the law. He was the youngell of five 

 brothers, left orphans and without fortune. To avoid en- 

 tering into the church, like his elder brothers, he left home 

 at the age of nineteen, alone, without money, or friends ; 

 he traverfed a part of France on foot, and arrived at Nantes, 

 intending to embark for India. He was, however, difTuaded 

 from this project, by a merchant who had feen him throw up 



and dilfipation. The daughter, brought up in the midft of 

 the fine arts, furrounded by books, pictures, and mufic, 

 became learned and (killed in mufic and painting. Though 

 not what might be called regularly handfome, her perlon 

 was attractive, and her character excited general admiral ion 

 in the circle in which (he moved. Her mother dying while 

 file was young, fhe was obliged, owing to the ruined 

 fortunes of her father, to leek an afylum in a convent. 



blood, and who was aware that the climate of the Ealt Here (he lived in honourable folitudc, fubmitting cheerfully 

 would infallibly kill him. He accordingly went to Rouen, to the privations which were found neccllary in her reduced 



engaged in the direction of fome manufactories ; diltin- 

 guifhed himfelf there by his love of ltudy, and his talte for 

 economical and commercial purfuits ; and obtained the place 

 of infpector-gencral at Amiens, and then at Lyons. Hav- 

 ing travelled in Italy, Switzerland, and other countries, he 

 accumulated a great mafs of valuable information, particu- 

 Vol. XXX. 



litualion, while (he took every means to improve her mind 

 by ltudy. In 1780, Roland addrefled to her, as we have 

 feen, Ins letters on Italy, and offered her his hand. She 

 accepted the offer, and when married they went to Amiens, 

 where (he Itudied botany, and 111 ide an herbal of the plants 

 of Picardy. She afterwards, in 1787, vilitcd Jwitzcrland 

 3 I and 



