ROLLING-MILL. 



equalize all thefe irregularities ; and in every interval, when 

 the refiftan.ee is removed, the water-wheel gives a rapid 

 motion to the fly, the force of which will be returned when 

 the work is applied : in fuch a mill, if the workmen have an 

 extraordinary large pieci al to roll, they fuffer the 



mill to work for a few feconds without any refinance, then 

 putting in the iron, it is carried through at once by the 

 momentum of the fly, though requiring a power far beyond 

 the ordinary force of the water-wheel. The mod approved 

 method of applying a fly-wheel to a rolling-mill, is to have 

 a large cog-wheel upon the axis of the water-wheel, to 

 give motion to a pinion, upon the axis of which a heavy 

 iron fly-wheel is fixed : the wheel and pinion are of fuch a 

 fize as to make the fly revolve about three times to one ol 

 the water-wheel : at the oppolite fide of the great cog- 

 1 another pinion, of about half its fize, is placed, and 

 to the extremity of its axis produced, the rollers are con- 

 nected, the two rollers being made to turn together by 

 means of pinions upon the ends of their gudgeons, in the 

 manner (hewn at J e, Jg. 6. Plate V. If more than one 

 pair of rollers is to be worked, a cog-wheel is fixed upon 

 the axis which turns the rollers, and works another equal 

 wheel upon the axis of the fecond pair, placed parallel to the 

 former ; in this cafe the lengths of the two axes mull be 

 different, fo that the lines in which the bars will come 

 through the different rollers, will not interfere with each 

 other, but leave fufficient room between for the men to 

 work. In molt common mills, rollers, fuch as are reprc- 

 fented at jigs. 3, 5, 6, of Piatt Y. are employed; but to 

 thefe there are fome objections ; iirll, the four nuts a, a, 

 cannot all be turned at once with fuch precifion as to bring 

 the upper roller exactly parallel to the other ; the means 

 the workmen ufe for this, is to have a (mail iron wrench, or 

 handle, fitted upon two of the nuts, a, a, and thefe they 

 turn round a fmall quantity every time the metal has 

 palled through, in the interval whilft it is returned to be put 

 through again. The workman who (lands in front to in- 

 troduce the metal between the rollers, turns the nut on his 

 left-hand fide which is neareit to him ; whilft his comrade, 

 who receives the metal, and hands it back again to him over 

 the roller, turns the nut on the oppolite corner of the frame : 

 by this means, as only two, inltead of four, of the nuts 

 are turned, the pieci s 1 ) .1 conftantly put out of the hori- 

 zontal pofition, in which alone they can take a proper bear- 

 ing ; alio, in thefe frames there is no rapport for the w 

 of tin- upper roll ; but when there is no metal beneath 1:, it 

 falls down, and refts upon the other ; when the metal is 

 fuddenly introduced, it lifts the roll up to its bearing with 

 a jerk, whii h 1 1 Lingers the breaking oi fome of the parts, 

 and generally caufes the nuts to Hart a little before they 

 fettle themfelves to the (train. In the modern mills, the 

 frames for the rollers are nu.de of caff-iron, as (hewn at 

 Jigs. I and 2. Plate V. The cheeks, A, are call in one ] 

 and form abed for the reception "t the brafs of the lower 



iece, C, is fitted upon the top (if the call-iron 

 d i held down by two lining wrought-iron bolts, 

 with nuts, n,l, to fcrew it clown, and regulate the dift: 



the two ri I. in of the upper roller, ( r, 



li'ie d by a brafs let into tin piei e C, but to bear 



it up from falling: when there ia tween the two 



roll- rs, anoth I i i in, I ind 



fiilpem! «! li\ bolts, d, d, from the piece C ; by this m 

 the tv\o rollers are retained always at a proper did 

 afunder. The two (tandards A, B, fig. 2, at the oppi 



ends of the rollers, have broad feet al Bottom, l>\ n .ms of 

 which they are bolted down to nialhve ground-fills, \ 

 extend all acrols the niill-houfe. The rollers li. and F are 



caufed to move together equably by means of pinions a, b, 

 which, that they may work well, are made with accurate 

 teeth, of not more than li or 2 inches pitch, or diftance 

 afunder; and, to give the requifite (trength, they are made 

 of confiderable breadth, as the figure (hews. Two large 

 flat iron plates, I and K, are lerewcd to the two itandards, 

 both to i'rengthen them, and to form a table, upon which 

 the mafl'es to be rolled are laid to be prcfented to the 

 rollers, and having paffed through, are received on that at 

 the oppofite fide. 



The rollers (hewn in Jigs. I and 2, have a number of 

 grooves in them, which being oppolite to each other, leave 

 uigs of a determinate figure for the purpofe of rolling 

 fquare bars, with the angles upwards ; they do not there- 

 fore require to be adjuiled in diftance, as other plain rollers 

 do, but are always, after the iirll erection, retained at the 

 fame diftance ; in this cafe the pinions a and b ferve very 

 well to connect the motions of two rollers together ; but 

 when the rollers are required to be adjufted during the work- 

 ing, as in the Plate Rollers, fg. 6, the pinions mult ne- 

 cellarily have very coarfe and long cogs, that they may not 

 be lo much affected by increafing or diminifhing the diftance 

 between their centres; in this cafe they work very indif- 

 ferently, and frequently break by the awkward manner in 

 which Inch coarfe teeth always meet each other when upon 

 wheels or pinions of fmall radius, particularly when the 

 proper diftance between their centres is not preferved. As 

 a partial remedy for this difficulty, the pinions are, in fome 

 mills, made very broad, with fine teeth, and mounted in a 

 feparate frame, exactly fimilar, except in its ilrength, to 

 that of the rollers ; this is placed at a diftance of three or 

 four feet from the rollers ; then a coupling, or fhort Ihaft, 

 being interpoled between the fquares at the ends of the axis 

 of the pinions, and thofe of the rollers, they permit the 

 latter to be adjufted without diilurbing the pinions ; and 

 the length of the (hafts will accommodate for the differences 

 between them. 



In Plate IV. of Iron Manufatlure, we have given three 

 figures of a very capital rolling-mill in Melirs. Walker's 

 extenlive iron-works at Rotherham, in Yorklhnv, where 

 they have ieveral mills worked by the fame river. The one 

 in quellion is employed in reducing iron to fmall rods for 

 nail-making, by Iirll rolling the pieces to flat 1 

 then pafling them through a pair of (lifting rollers, which di- 

 vides each into feveral fmall fquare r< ds : it is, therefore, much 

 fmaller in its dimenfions than the great mills 1 lling 



thick iron plate; but we have lee-el d it on acco- 

 arrangement o! Is, which renders it fuperior to the 



mills in common ufe, as it works without the pinions of 

 which we have fpoken. A A, in the plan, | fig. I. ) is the 

 w ate r-wheel, i - feel diameter, and live feet lix 11 ches bi 

 it is of the under-fhot or rather breaft-kind, tl 

 delivered below the centre, but confined to act upon the 

 wheel by a brc.i! ol mafonry, curved to correfpond whh 

 the wheel very exactly. The pivots 01 fits 



reft on bearings, fnpported I Is N. At 1 



end "I the axis a clutch-piece, M, is fixed, 1 



tn a fecond axis /■, which, being in the I 



the water-wheel, may he confidered a 



It is carried under tin floor of the mill. It has two I 



heels, 01 -'I the fame dimen- 



in fig. 2, as it 



.1. 1 the wheel /', which it turns. 



The firil "1 thefe wheels, b, to two wheels, 



A c, which are mi the ax< I and 11, and give motion 

 to tin- lowi r of each 1 roll d in 



the Iranies at li F and C D. Tins wheel-work is (hewn in 



fig' 



