ROSA. 



deep, converging, long, narrow-lanceolate fegments, two 

 of which are ufually fringed, at both edges, with unequal 

 leafy appendages, the third at one edge only, the two re- 

 maining having both edges naked ; in fome fpecies all are 

 fimple and naked. Cor. Petals five, inverfely heart-fhaped, 

 the length of the calyx, and inferted into its neck. Slam. 

 Filaments very numerous, capillary, fhort, inferted into the 

 neck of the calyx ; anthers roundifh-triangula:-. Pijh Ger- 

 mens numerous, in the cavity of the calyx ; tlyles as many, 

 villous, very (hort, inferted laterally into each germen, and 

 clofely comprefTed by the neck of the calyx ; ftigmas ob- 

 tufe. Perk, none, except a fpurious berry, formed of the 

 turbinate tube of the calyx become foft and coloured, of 

 one cell, contracted and clofed at the neck, crowned with 

 the faded hardened fegments of the limb. Seeds numerous, 

 oblong, hard, angular, hifpid, lining the interior furface of 

 the calyx. 



E(f. Ch. Petals five. Calyx urceolate, five-cleft, flefhy, 

 contracted at the neck. Seeds numerous, hifpid, lining 

 the infide of the calyx. 



No genus more natural than this, in habit, or technical 

 characters, can poffibly be found. The Rofe is alfo the 

 moit favourite of plants in all countries of the globe, the 

 type of beauty and love, bellowing its name to enrich other 

 flowers, which derive from thence their chief celebrity, and 

 taking unqueitioned precedence in all matters of ornament or 

 taile. But thorns are proverbially the accompaniments of 

 rofes ; nor can any one be more fenlible of this, than the 

 botanill, who attempts to extricate and define the fpecies of 

 this beautiful family. Cultivated plants in general are 

 known to fport in luxuriant varieties, often tranlient indeed, 

 but fufficiently durable to caufe much perplexity to the ac- 

 curate obferver. No wonder therefore that rofes, fo 

 abundant in every garden, mould aflume various afpefts 

 from difference of foil and treatment ; though lefs perhaps, 

 than moft other tribes, from crofs impregnation. The habit 

 of this genus is invariably fhrubby, and almoft univerfally 

 prickly ; the branches round ; leaves alternate, pinnate with 

 an odd leaflet, ferrated, frequently prickly or glandular ; 

 one fpecies only being known to have fimple leaves, or, in 

 other words, to want the lateral leaflets. Stipulas almoft 

 always united to the bafe of the common footftalk. Flowers 

 terminal, ftalked, ufually red, varioufly and delicioufly fra- 

 grant ; fometimes white; very rarely yellow, and in that 

 cafe either inodorous or foetid. Fruit harmlefs, but feldom 

 pleafant. Seeds flow in germination. 



The generality of writers on Pvofes have come under the 

 deftription of florilts rather than botanifts, and their figures 

 have been executed accordingly. Linnxus found the deter- 

 mination of fpecies very difficult. Ehrhart paid confiderable 

 attention to the lubjeft, and in his Beit rage has thrown much 

 light upon it, by which Willdenow has profited. The 

 garden Rofes are well arranged in the new edition of Aiton's 

 Hortus Kewenfis, where we (hall find but little to improve 

 or correft ; and they are elegantly difplayed in Mifs Law- 

 rance's ample collection of figures, publifhedin 1799, except 

 that we could have wifhed for much more delicacy, and dif- 

 crimination of tints, in their various foliage. Several new 

 Bntifh ones have been firlt defcribed, by the writer of the 

 prefent article, in Englifh Botany, where Mr. Sowerby has, 

 as ufual, been happy in his reprefentations of their diftinftive 

 habits and characters. 



The fpecies are diftributed by Linnxus, and all his fol- 

 lowers, into two feftions, diftinguifhed by the fhape of the 

 tube of the calyx, inaccurately termed by him the germen. 

 Of this error Willdenow takes notice, without correcting 

 it, not being at that time aware of the meafure adopted in 



our Flora Britannica, where, by fubftitutingyrM/7 for germen, 

 every inconvenience and inaccuracy is avoided. Mr. Dry- 

 ander and Mr. Aiton in Hort. Ketu., while they follow, as 

 we fhall here do, Willdenow's general and particular diftri- 

 bution of the fpecies, have, in the point jnft mentioned, 

 corretted his phraleology. Our new fpecies, chiefly fup- 

 plied by Englifh Botany, and Purfh's Flora of North Ame- 

 rica, will be inferted, as nearly as poffible, according to their 

 affinities. Perhaps fome of the old ones might have been 

 better placed ; but except any glaring impropriety pre- 

 fented itfelf, more inconvenience than benefit would arife 

 from dilturbing an arrangement lo generally received, and 

 which Linnaeus firlt formed in his Syjlema Nature, ed. 12. 

 We have only brought canina and its allies nearer together 

 than they are placed in the above-mentioned books. 

 Section 1 . Fruit nearly globofe. 



1. R. berberifolia. Barberry-leaved Rofe. " Pallas in 

 Nov. Aft. Petrop. v. 10. 379. t. 10. f. 5." Willd. n. I. 

 Ait. n. 1. ( R. fimplicifolia ; Salif. Hort. 359. Parad. 

 t. 101. Poiret 111 Lamarck Dift. v. 6. 276.) — Fruit 

 globole, prickly, as well as the flower-ftalk. Leaves 

 iimple, nearly feffile, with itipulary recurved prickles. 

 Found by Michaux and Olivier in the north of Perfia. 

 Seeds fent by the former to fir J. Banks were raifed at Kew 

 about the year 1790, but the plants did not long furvive. 

 This fpecies is extremely remarkable for its fimple leaves, 

 which are obovate, glaucous, coarfely ferrated, about an 

 inch long, fmooth, on fhort ftalks, without flipulas, but 

 having in their ftead a pair of recurved taper prickles, fpread- 

 ing from the bafe of each footftalk. The branches are alfo 

 befet with fhorter prickles. Flowers folitary, on fhort, 

 terminal, pricklv, downy ftalks. Petals yellow, crimfon 

 at the bafe. Fruit globula'-, very prickly, crowned with 

 the fimple narrow fegments of the calyx. We wifh the 

 name fimplicifolia had been retained, as much the bell ; and 

 if Jufiieu hid aftually given it as a name, in his Gen. PI. 452, 

 it might, by the right of priority, have fuperfeded Pallas's 

 appellation. 



2. R. lutea. Yellow Sweet briar. Mill. Dift. ed. 8. 

 n. 11. Willd. n. 2. Ait. n. 2. Curt. Lond. t. 363. 

 Lawr. Rof. t. 12. Lob. Ic. v. 2. 209. Ger. Em. 1267. 

 ( R. lutea fimplex ; Bauh. Pin. 483. R. Eglanteria ; Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 703. R. chlorophylla unicolor ; Ehrh. Beitr. v. 2. 

 70. Arb. 156. R. fcetida ; Herm. Rof. 18. Allion. 

 Ped. v. 2. 138.) 



(3. bicolor. Aultrian Rofe, or Copper Sweet-briar ; 

 Jacq. Hort. Vind. v. 1. t. I. Curt. Mag. t. 1077. Lawr. 

 Rof. t. 6. (R. fylveftris aultriaca, flore phceniceo ; Hort. 

 Augl. 66. t. 18.) — Fruit globofe, fmooth, as well as the 

 flower-ftalk. Calyx and leaf-ftalks minutely prickly. 

 Prickle;, of the branches ftraight. Leaflets obovate, doubly 

 ferrated, rather glutinous, fmooth. — Native of Germany 

 and Italy ; but not, as Willdenow reports, of England. It 

 is however frequent here in old country gardens, 111 a pure 

 air, flowering in June. Gerarde cultivated this fpecies, and 

 even raifed it from feed, in order to rsfute a vulgar error, of 

 its being fome common rofe, turned yellow by grafting on a 

 broom-ftock. The beautiful red or copper-coloured va- 

 riety, j3, is more difficult of cultivation, efpecially with 

 refpeft to air. The flem is bufhy, four or five feet high. 

 Lewises deciduous, of five or feven obovate, ftrongly fer- 

 rated, deep green, fhining leaflets, rather vifcid to the 

 touch, and exhaling a moft Iweet and peculiar aromatic 

 odour, more grateful to us than that of the Common Sweet- 

 briar. Flowers copious, large, ufually of an uniform 

 golden yellow, with the fmell of bugs ; but in the variety /S 

 the upper fide of the petals is of a tawny red, and the dif- 



agreeablc 



