ROSA. 



hifpid and finely prickly. Leaflets ovate ; hairy beneath. 

 Calyx half-pinnate. — Native of the foutheru parts of Eu- 

 rope. This, in its nearly fingle ftate, is the Rofe always 

 ufed medicinally, for conferve, tin&ure, &c. on account of 

 the richer colour, and more aitringent quality, of its petals. 

 Its numerous varieties are common in gardens throughout 

 Europe, blooming in June and July. We perfectly agree 

 with our friend Mr. Lee of Hammerfmith, that the R. cen- 

 tifolia of authors, of which fo many trifling varieties are in- 

 dicated above, is itfelf merely a variety of the gallica. 

 This a comparifon of their leaves will readily prove. The 

 roughnefs of their leaf-flalhs is undoubtedly variable. R. 

 gallica in its natural (late, as it is faid to be in the fouth of 

 France, and as we fee it ufually in country gardens and 

 fhrubberies, is fcarcely three feet high, throwing up, from 

 its creeping roots, manyjlems, armed with fine, difperfed, 

 and not numerous, ftraight, fhort priciles. Leajlcts five, 

 large, ovate, doubly ferrated, overlapping each other at 

 their heart-fhaped bafe ; the under fide pale, downy or 

 hairy, often whitifli ; the upper fmooth, of a fine, rather 

 fhining, green. Stipulas linear-lanceolate, pointed, entire, 

 downy and glandular. Flowers of a few large fpreading 

 petals, whofe colour is a peculiarly rich and deep crimfon, 

 their bafe, like the Jlamens, of a fine golden yellow. Seg- 

 ments of the calyx downy, broad at the bafe, fome of them 

 fringed at the keel or margin, with a row of iinear-lanceo- 

 late leaflets, as if pinnate. Fruit globular, pale fcarlet, be- 

 coming nearly fmooth as it ripens. The red and white 

 parti-coloured variety, or Rofa mundi, Mifs Lawrance's 

 t. 13, differs only in colour. This is often termed the York 

 and Lancafter Rofe. The Giant Rofe, her t. 49, is gi- 

 gantic in fize and keight, but paler in colour. The Velvet 

 Rofe, hert. 51 and t. 2, Hort. Angl. t. iS, is of fo very 

 dark a colour, at leafl thofe flowers which firit expand, that 

 fome perfons take the liberty of calling it black, and con- 

 firm the mifnomer by a round aflertion of its being pro- 

 duced by grafting on a black-currant bufh. The innume- 

 rable varieties of the centifolia differ chiefly in the difpofition 

 of their richly multiplied, though diminifhed, petals, and 

 are, many of them, very beautiful from their fullnefs, and 

 precife neatnefs of figure ; their colours are different fhades 

 of crimfon, verging to pink, or to a blueifh-purple. 



29. R. damafcena. Damafk Rofe. Mill. Did. ed. 8. 

 n. 15. Willd. n. 17. Ait. n. 20. Lob. Ic. v. 2. 206. 

 Lawr. Rof. t. 38. t. 52. t. 10. t. 5. t. 17. t. 70. t. 58. 

 t.fiS. t. 83. t. 80, and t. 90. — Fruit ovate, turgid, 

 hifpid as well as the flower-ilalks. Stem and leaf- 

 ftalks with hooked prickles. Leaflets ovate, pointed, 

 hoary ; villous beneath. Calyx half-pinnate. — Native 

 of ft he fouth of Europe, and cultivated, time out of 

 mind, in our gardens, flowering in June and July. The 

 fpecific name feems to have originated with Lobel, and indi- 

 cates that this fpecies of Rofe came from Damafcus. Per- 

 haps it may be what is reported to have been brought from 

 Syria by a Cemte de Brie, at his return from the crufades, of 

 which the abbe Rozier fpeaks in his Cours complet d' Agri- 

 culture ; though that author's defcription accords with the 

 common R. gallica, and not with our damafcena, and he calls 

 it moreover R. provincial'u. We have feen an extract only 

 from his work, communicated by a learned friend, to whom 

 we, as well as Mr. Aiton, are indebted for the more correal 

 orthography of Provins, inllcad of Provence, Rofe, for our 

 n. 26. We cite Rozier to (hew that fome particular fort of 

 Rofe was brought from Syria to France; but whether it 

 might be our damafcena, or the mofchata hereafter men- 

 tioned, which many old authors have termed damafcena, and 

 which is certainly an oriental Rofe ; we have not materials 



even to form a conjefture. The Damafk Rofe is prover- 

 bially fwfcet, nor can any be more fo than the fpecies now 

 under our confederation, which forms a bufh four or five feet 

 high. The leaves are dillinguifhed, at firit fight, by a 

 hoary afpcdt, and more downy furface, than the provincialis 

 or gallica, as well as by the longer, more pointed, fhape of 

 their lea/lets. The prickles of the Jlcm are broader, and 

 hooked. Flowers more copious, with more (lender and 

 hoary Jlalls, as well as calyx. Their ufual colour is a deli- 

 cate uniform pink, verging rather towards purple than fcar- 

 let, and their fragrance is delicioufly fweet as well 11s tailing. 

 The name of York and Lancafter Rofe, given to a very 

 cafual and tranfient variety of this, Lawr. t. 10, fome of 

 whofe petals are white, others blufh-coloured, appears much 

 more fuitable to the red and white R. gallica. 



30. R. fempervirens. Evergreen Rofe. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 704. Willd. n. 18. Ait. n. 21. Sm. Prodr. Fl. Grsec. 

 Sibth. v. 1. 348. Fl. Graec. t. 483, unpublifhcd. 

 Lawr. Rof. t. 4J. Cluf. Exot. append, alt. Dill. 

 Elth. 326. t. 246. (R. mofchata fempervirens; Tourn. 

 Inft. 637.) — Fruit ovate, hifpid as well as the calyx 

 and flower-ftalks. Stem and leaf-ftalks with hooked 

 prickles. Leaflets ovate, pointed, fmooth and fhining. 

 Flowers fomewhat umbellate. Bra&eas lanceolate, re- 

 curved.— Native of Germany, in hedges near Tubingen. 

 Roth. Dr. Sibthorp found it very frequent in the 

 hedges of Greece, and the neighbouring iflands, and ju- 

 dicioufly confidered it as the genuine xi/roo-/3aioy of Diofco- 

 rides, with whofe rather ample defcription it exaftly agrees. 

 The reader may fee in John Bauhin's Hill. v. 2. 33, what 

 uncertainty has enveloped this fubjedL This Rofe has been 

 cultivated about two hundred years, or perhaps longer, in 

 England, being, on account of its Angularly luxuriant and 

 rapid growth, as well as the beauty of its fhining evergreen 

 leai<es, very fit for covering tall buildings, as well as for 

 making an impervious hedge or trellis. The flowers more- 

 over are beautiful, fweet, of a delicate white, and plentiful 

 whenever they appear at all, lafting through June, July, and 

 Augufl ; but we have, like Clufius, found this (hrub little 

 difpofed to bloflom. Its general afpedl, both in leaf and 



flower, is molt like our wild R . arvenjts, n. 8 ; but the ovate 

 fruit, yellow when ripe, and the want of a glaucous hue 



about the foliage, Jlower-flalks or buds, are, among other 



things, fufficient marks of difference. 



31. R. laevigata. Climbing American Rofe. Mich. 

 Boreal-Amer. v. 1. 295. Purfli n. 10. — " Fruit ovate, 

 very denfely hifpid. Segments of the calyx nearly entire. 

 Prickles in pairs, recurved. Leaf-ftalks (lightly prickly. 

 Leaflets l.uiceolate-oval, almoft riblefs, polifhed. Sti- 

 pulas narrow, witli awl-fhaped points." — Found in the 

 fhady woods of Georgia, North America, climbing to a 

 great height. An cvergreenyJrui. Leaflets three or five. 

 Tube of the calyx clothed with long and (lender fpines. 

 Purjlo, Michaux. 



32. R. pumila. Dwarf Auftrian Rofe. Cluf. Hift. 1 17. 

 Linn. Suppl. 262. Willd. 11. 19. Ait. n. 22. Jacq. 

 Aultr. v. 2.59. t. 198. (R. auftriaca; Crahtz Fafc. 2. 33.) 

 — Fruit obovate, hifpid as well as the flower-ilalks. Leaf- 

 ftalks and (lem with llraightifh prickles. Leaflets elliptical, 

 glaucous beneath ; their fcrraturcs glandular. — Common in 

 Aullria, on dry grafl'y hills, efpecially about woods and 

 thickets, flowering In May and June. Jacquin. Root 

 creeping. Stems twelve or eighteen inches high, ercft, fimple, 

 or (lightly branched, befet, 111 the upper part chiefly, with 

 copious, fmall, (lender, nearly ftraight priciles. Leaflets 

 five, fometimes but three, drooping, of a roundifh-elhpti- 

 cal fhape, with double glandular fcrraturcs ; fmooth and 



green 



