it o s 



R O S 



different in colour. The head and brealt of this fly are of 

 a deep violet colour, the body is yellow, and the legs and 

 wings are of a fomewhat paler violet tinge. This creature 

 alfo depofits its eggs in holes made in the branches of the 

 rofe-tree, by means of a double faw, placed at the hinder 

 part of the body ; but, as the former fpecies lays them ill a 

 fingle flraight line, this difpofes them in a very beautiful 

 and very regular manner in two rows. 



RosE-Galls, a name given by authors to certain unnatural 

 production; of the rofa fyl-vejlris, or dog-rofe, occafioned 

 by the bites of infects. There arc two kinds of thefe, the 

 one very common, the other moro rare. 



The fcarcer kind is ufually found on the young flioots, 

 and on the heps, or fruit, and is of a woody fubflance ; the 

 other is hairy and fpongy, and is found on the old branches. 

 The woody kind ufually appears in the months of June and 

 July, and is always found in cluflers. Thefe are compofed 

 of ten, twelve, or more galls of different fizes and figures, 

 fome round, others oblong, fome of the fize of an olive, 

 and others not larger than a pea. They are of the common 

 fubflance of the white wood, or blea, of trees, and when 

 fituated on the fruit, they prevent its ripening, and make a 

 very lingular figure. They are of a reddifh colour, and are 

 ufually fmooth and gloffy, but fometimes they are befet with 

 fliort and fine prickles. 



The hairy rofe-gall is too common, and too lingular a 

 figure to have efcaped the obfervation of perfons in all ages ; 

 it has been introduced into medicine in many parts of the 

 world, and is at this time prefcribed in Germany, when re- 

 duced to powder, in diarrhoeas, dyfenteries, and other 

 diforders of the bowels, and to promote urine and break 

 the (tone. 



Thefe rofe-galls, though they ap-pear at firlt fight com- 

 pofed of tufts of hair, are, however, in reality, made up 

 of feveral fmall galls, growing from a bud on the branch, 

 and forming a clufter on the part. They are of an oblong 

 figure, and refemble the fhape of a plum-flonc. Each of 

 them is the habitation of a fingle worm, each having one cell 

 in the centre. 



All thefe galls of the rofe-tree afford the fame fpecies 

 of worms and flies. The proper inhabitants, however, are 

 hardly to be dillinguifhedby the moll curious obferver from 

 the great variety of fpecies which are found in them, all pro- 

 duced of the eggs of other flies, whole worms are of the 

 carnivorous kind, and are lodged in the gall, not to feed on 

 the juices of the tree, but on the llefti of the proper inha- 

 bitant. When the parent-fly, who gives origin to the galls, 

 has depolited her eggs, and the tumour, in coufequence, 

 begins to be formed, an enemy of this kind pierces the 

 covering, and fends in her offspring to feed on the inha- 

 bitant. Thefe are flics of the ichneumon kind, and feveral 

 fpecies of them are of great beauty. All the flies defcribed 

 by authors as ill'uing out of this gall feem to have been of 

 this kind ; the proper inhabitant, being a fmall black fly of 

 no great beauty, is difregarded, while the others have been 

 particularly defcribed. 



Mentzelius has given an elegant account of a fpecies 

 whofe back is of a fine blue, and its belly purple ; and 

 others have figured and defcribed greenilh and gold-coloured 

 ones ; but thefe are all ichneumons, all bred of devouring 

 enemies which have fed on the proper inhabitants of the 

 galls, and lived and transformed theinfclvcs in their cells. 



Ro\R-lVood, lignum rhodium, or afpalathum. See AsPA- 

 LATH. 



Rose Pink. See Pink. 



Rose, Golden, is a rofe which the pope bleffes at m.ifs, 

 on the firil Sunday in Lent, while they fing Lxtare Jeru- 



falem ; and which, after mafs, he carries in procelhon ; and 

 then fends as a prefent to fome fovereign prince. 



Rose, the factions of the red and -white, are famous in our 

 Englifh hiltories. They had their rife in 1454, under 

 Henry VI. between the houfes of York and Lancafter, and 

 ended in Henry VII. who united the two branches. The 

 houfe of Lancaller had for its badge a red rofe ; that of 

 York a -white one. 



RoiE, in Architecture and Sculpture, an ornament cut in 

 refemblance of a rofe. 



It is chiefly uled in friezes, corniches, and vaults of 

 churches, and particularly in the middle of each face of the 

 Corinthian abacus. And in the fpaces between the mo- 

 dillions, under the plafonds of corniches. 



Roses, in Heraldry, is a difference denoting the feventh 

 fon of a family. 



RosE-Nails. See Nail. 

 RoaE-Diamond. See Diamond. 



RosE-Nob/e, an ancient Englilh gold coin, firlt flruck in 

 the reign of Edward III. when the feries of gold coinage 

 commences, and then called the penny of gold ; fince called 

 rofe-noble, becaufe flamped with a rofe. It was current at 

 6s. Sd., and confequcntly formed half a "mark," fo called 

 as being a grand limited fum in account (Marc, limes, Goth.), 

 3 oz. in weight, and ;ds of the money pound. This, as 

 one half of the commercial pound of 16 ounces, is fome- 

 times called " lelibra." The noble (which fee) was fo 

 called from the nobility of the metal, being of the finefl 

 gold then, or now, ufed in the world for coinage ; and it 

 was attended by its half and quarter ; the proportion of 

 filver to gold being then 1 to 1 1. This coin was fometimes 

 called the " rofe-noble," from both fides being impaled in 

 an undulating circle, refembling the outline of an expanded 

 rofe, together with its half and quarter ; and thefe con- 

 tinued the only gold coins till the angels of Edward IV. 

 1465, (lamped with the angel Michael and the dragon, and 

 the angelets, equal to half the angel, or 3*. \d. were fub- 

 flituted in their place. Antiquaries likewife aflert, that 

 gold being fcarce in Henry Vth's time, that prince di-' 

 minifhed the noble, retaining its former value ; but that 

 Henry VI. reftored it to its fize, and caufed it to pafs 

 for \os. under the new name of ryal. Accordingly, the 

 noble of Henry V. weighsonly 108 grains now, while thole 

 preceding his reign weigh 120. This fpeaks gold to have 

 increased in value about 10 per cent. The old noble of 

 Edward III. and Richard II. at 120 grains, palled but 

 for 6s. 8d. ; but in the fifth year of Edward IV. 1465, the 

 angel was of equal value, though but 80 grains in weight ; 

 which (hews gold to have increaled in value then no lefs than 

 30 per cent. Certain it is that the ryal of 10s. and the 

 angel of 6s. Sd. with their divifions of half and quarter, 

 were the fole gold coins till, in 1485, Henry VII. publifhed 

 the double ryal, or fovereign, of 20s. accompanied by the 

 double fovereign, of 40s. See Money. 



Rose Engine, Rofe lathe, or Figure lathe, in the Mechanic 

 Arts, is a machine ufed for turning any articles in wood, 

 ivory, or metal, in the fame manner as a common lathe, but 

 it lias additional parts, by which the furface of the fubject 

 which lias been turned, can afterwards be engraved with a 

 great variety of patterns of curved lines, which, in general, 

 are denominated from the French rofette, from .1 flight general 

 refemblance which they have to a full-blown rofe, and 

 hence the machine is called a rofe engine. 



This machine, as we have faid, contains all the parts of 

 the lathe, (fee that article,) and in the fame manner as in 

 turning, the work is cauled to revolve, whilll the cutting 

 tool is kept llationary ; but the difference between the role 



lathe 



