R O S 



fingle, but numerous and coalefcing, patches, of about 

 the fize of a fixpence, which continue for feveral days, 

 and terminate in fcurf. This ram, where it is pretty 

 generally diffufed, rs often miltaken, as Dr. Underwood 

 has remarked, for meafles and fcarlet fever. Whence it is 

 neceffary, that its character fhould be well known to medi- 

 cal praftitioners ; although it requires no fpecific treatment, 

 but ufually difappears under the employment of remedies 

 calculated to relieve the bowel complaints, painful dentition, 

 and other febrile affeftions, with which it is fo frequently 

 connected. 



5. The rofeola variolofa occurs previous to the eruption 

 of the fmall-pox, when produced by an inoculation, in the 

 proportion of about one cafe in fifteen, according to obferva- 

 tions made at the Small-Pox Hofpital. It ufually appears 

 on the fecond day of the eruptive fever, which is generally 

 the ninth or tenth after inoculation, and is deemed by ino- 

 culators a certain prognoftic of a fmall and favourable 

 eruption of the fmall-pox. It does alfo occafionally occur 

 in the natural fmall-pox, on the third or fourth day, and 

 with a moderate and favourable eruption of puftules ; but 

 it is much more rare than in the inoculated difeafe. 



This rafh, is firfl obfervable on the arms, breaft, and face : 

 on the following day it extends over the trunk of the body 

 and the extremities. Its diftribution is various ; fometimes 

 in contiguous femicircles ; fometimes in longitudinal irre- 

 gular patches, with fmall diilinft dots intermixed ; and in 

 a few cafes, all thefe appearances being combined, it forms 

 an almoft continuous rednefs over the body, and is in feveral 

 parts flightly elevated above the furface, as in the meafles. 

 It is not eaiily repelled by cold air, or cold drinks, as the 

 early inoculators apprehended ; and is aggravated by the 

 confinement and fudorific medicines which they recom- 

 mended. 



Thefe rofeolous efflorefcences, antecedent to the eruption 

 of fmall-pox, were occafionally obferved by the firfl writers 

 on the difeafe ; and both by them and fubfequent authors 

 were deemed to be meafles, which were faid to be converted 

 into fmall-pox. 



6. Rofeola vaccina. An efflorefcence which is fome- 

 what diffufe, like the variolous rafh, but appears generally 

 in congeries of dots and fmall patches, a little elevated, 

 takes place in fome children on the ninth and tenth day of 

 vaccination, at the place of inoculation, and at the fame 

 time with the areola that is formed round the veficle ; and 

 from thence it fpreads irregularly over the whole furface of 

 the body. But this does not occur nearly fo often as after 

 variolous inoculation. It does not continue vivid above 

 forty-eight hours ; and is ufually attended with a very 

 quick pulfe, a white tongue, and great reftlefsnefs. Some 

 vaccinators attach little importance to it ; others think it a 

 favourable circumftance, as denoting that the ikin and con- 

 ftitution have been fully affe&ed by the cow-pock. 



7. Rofeola miliaris. This rafh often accompanies an 

 eruption of miliary veficles, with fever, where much heat 

 and fweating have been excited. (See Miliary Fever.) 

 It occurs occafionally, however, in the continued fevers 

 of this country, where neither a miliary eruption nor pro- 

 fufe fweating had preceded it, and does not appear to be 

 an unfavourable fymptom. See Willan on Cutaneous Dif- 

 eafes, p. 433, et feq., and Bateman's Pratt. Synopfis of 

 Cutan. Dif. p. 96. 3d edit. See alfo Underwood, on the 

 Dif. of Children, vol, i. p. 87. 



ROSES, IJlands of Two, in Geography, two fmall 

 iflands in the Indian fea, near the coaft of Africa. S. 

 idt. 1 7 . 



Roses. See Rosas. 



R O S 



ROSETO, a river of Naples, which runs into the gulf 

 of Tarento, N. lat. 40 2'. E. long. 1 6° 40'. 



ROSETTA, Rossetta, or Rafchid, a town of Egypt, 

 of confiderable fize and population, founded in the eighth 

 century, as fome have faid ; though Elmacin informs us, that 

 it was built during the reign of Elmetouakkel, caliph of 

 Bagdad, towards the year 870 of our era, and under the 

 pontificate of Cofma, patriarch of the Jacobites at Alex- 

 andria. Others date its foundation at a much later period ; 

 and Belon, who travelled in Egypt in 1530, fays that 

 this town was much fmaller than Faoue, but at prefent it 

 is much larger. It has borne the Arabic name Rafchid 

 ever fince the time of Edriffi the geographer, in 1153, 

 and of this the Europeans have made Rofetta or Rofletta. 

 Some have erroneoufly afierted, that it was built on 

 the fpot where Canopus was fituated ; whereas the 

 Canopic branch of the Nile is the lagoon of Maadie, and 

 the ruins of Canopus are at Aboukir. Rofetta affords 

 no trace of antiquity ; neverthelefs it is certain, fays Son- 

 nini, that it cannot be far from the place where flood 

 Metelis or Metilis, of which Strabo and Ptolemy make 

 mention, and which was on the weftern bank, and near 

 the mouth of the Bolbitic branch of the Nile. The heaps 

 of fand, which this river is continually accumulating, no 

 longer permit veffels to reach as far as Faoue. Although 

 Rofetta was built at the mouth of the river, it is already 

 two leagues from it. According to Abulfeda it was very 

 inconfiderable in the 13th century ; nor was it much in- 

 creafed for 200 years after this time. But when the Otto- 

 mans added Egypt to their cenquefts, they neglefted the 

 fupport of the canals. Thus, the canal of Faoue ceafing 

 to be navigable, Rofetta became the emporium of the 

 merchandize of Alexandria and Cairo. Commerce foon 

 made it flourifh, and it is at this day one of the handfomeft 

 towns in Egypt. It extends along the weftern bank of 

 the Nile, and is above a league in length, by a quarter of 

 a mile in breadth. Although it has no remarkable place, 

 nor any one itreet quite regular, yet all the houfes, being 

 built with terraces, and well difpofed, have, by Savary's 

 defcription of it, an air of cleanlinefs and elegance, which 

 is very agreeable ; to which Sonnini adds, that here are 

 feen long ftreets formed by two rows of (hops, in which 

 are found all forts of goods ; the neceffaries of life being 

 very plentiful, and procured at a low price. Within the 

 houfes are fpacious apartments, well ventilated by a great 

 number of windows, which are always open. The blinds 

 and tranfparent linen, which they flretch over them, keep 

 out the rays of the fun, afford a moderate light, and miti- 

 gate the exceflive heats. The only public buildings worthy 

 of notice are the mofques, with their lofty minarets, of 

 light architecture, and conftrafted with much boldnefs. 

 They thus produce a very pi&urefque effeft in a town where 

 all the roofs are flat, and throw great vatiety into the pic- 

 ture. The houfes in general have a view of the Nile, and 

 of the Delta, which form a moll magnificent fpe&acle. 

 The river is always covered with veffels, mounting and de- 

 fending with oars, or under fail. The tumult of the har- 

 bour, the joy of the mariners, their noify mufic, exhibit a 

 moving and animated fcene. The Delta, that immenfe 

 garden, where the earth is never weary of production, 

 furnifhes the whole year a fucceffion of harvefts, of vege- 

 tables, of flowers, and of fruits ; various fpecies of cu- 

 cumbers and delicious melons, the fig, the orange, the ba- 

 nana, the pomegranate, of the mod exquifite flavour. To 

 the north of the town are gardens, where lemon and orange 

 trees, date trees, and fycamore trees, are planted at random ; 

 by their foliage affording an arch impenetrable to the -rays 



of 



