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R O S 



and within the fpace inclofed by the furrounding iofle, was 

 a very deep pit, hewn out of the folid rock, and having a 

 drawbridge thrown acrofs it, which, when drawn up, exactly 

 fitted the fpace between the towers on each fide of the gate- 

 way, which was further defended by two maffive gates and 

 portcullifes, and by loop-holes, and machicolations in the 

 vaulting, through which boiling lead and water were poured 

 down on the heads of affailants. This paffage opened 

 into the great inner court, on one fide ot which (lands the 

 chapel, now in ruin ; and near it is a fmall octagonal watch- 

 tower, which rifes higher than any other building within the 

 caftle. Adjoining the entrance to the keep is the garrifon 

 tower, which is thirty-fix feet fquare at the bafe ; " but the 

 three outward angles diminifh as they aicend and form tri- 

 angular buttreH'es, fo that the upper part of the tower is 

 circular." From the keep a wnll formerly extended to the 

 weft, or Great tower, which is circular in its outward form, 

 but oftangular within. Between this and the north, or 

 Ladies' tower, were ranged the ftate apartments. The hall 

 was a magnificent room, 65 feet long and 28 broad, and ap- 

 pears, from the pointed ftyle of its windows, to have been 

 erected in the reign of Edward I. or II. It communicated, 

 towards the north, with a kind of anti-chamber, whence a 

 paffage led into the great ftate-room ; the northern end of 

 which exhibits two moft beautiful pointed arches, of a later 

 date than the reft of the apartments. The Ladies' tower 

 occupies a high and lleep precipice to the north of this 

 building, and is hence the moft defeniible part of the caftle. 

 Its name clearly indicates its appropriation as the refidence 

 of the female part of the garrifon. See a plan and views 

 of Goodrich caftle, in Bonner's Perfpective Itinerary ; with 

 hiftorical and defcnptive accounts. 



Three miles eaftward from Rofs is Rofe, or Bury-hill, 

 where fome antiquaries have placed the Ariconium of Anto- 

 ninus, which Camden had fixed erroneoufly at Kenchefter. 

 The fcite of this ftation is ftrongly marked by the colour of 

 the foil, which is extremely black within its area, while 

 all around it is inclined to red. About fixty years ago, the 

 ground here was covered with rubbifti, and overgrown with 

 briars, &c. but the then proprietor foon afterwards in- 

 clofed and levelled it. In the courfe of that operation, 

 many Roman antiquities were difcovered by the workmen ; 

 fuch as fibulje, lares, lachrymatories, rings, coins, fragments 

 of pillars, and of teftellated pavements, innumerable pieces of 

 red pottery, and fome foundations of buildings. A field 

 near this ftation retains the name of Kill-Dane-Field, but 

 the particulars of the event to which it alludes is unknown. 

 About a mile to the fouth-weft is the fcite of Eccletwall 

 caftle, now occupied by a modern manfion ; and itill more 

 to the fouth, and fomewhat nearer to Rofs, are the remains 

 of Penyard caftle, which appears to have been conftructed 

 for the defence of the narrow pais through the woods from 

 the county of Gloucelter, into thofe of Monmouth and 

 the principality. This fortrefs was demolifhed during 

 the civil wars. It had formerly a park and chace at- 

 tached ; and the latter appellation is ftill given to an 

 eminence which rifes to the weftward of the caftle. Beau- 

 ties of England and Wales, vol. vi. by E. W. Brayley, 

 and John Britton, 8vo. 1805. King's Munimenta An- 

 tiqua, vol. lii. fol. 



Ross, a biftiopric in Ireland, united with Cork by queen 

 Elizabeth in 1586. It contains 124,000 acres, all in the 

 county of Cork, in 33 parifhes. 



Ross, a pod-town of Ireland, in the county of Cork, dif- 

 tinguiftied by the name of " Rofs Carbery." Jt is lituated 

 on a bay or harbour, to which it gives its name, but which 

 is choaked up with fand. The town is lituated on a rocky 



eminence projecting to the fouth, and nearly furrounded by 

 a ftrand. In the centre of the town is a pretty large fquare, 

 with four narrow ftreets diverging from its angles. It is 

 chiefly inhabited by weavers, and a good deal of linen yarn 

 is fold here. In former times a fchool was founded here by 

 St. Fachnan, which was much frequented. It is 155 miles 

 S.W. from Dublin, and 32 from Cork. 



Ross, New, a fea-port and poft-town of Ireland, in the 

 county of Wexford. This, according to Mr. Wakefield, 

 appears to be a fpot well adapted for becoming a place of 

 great ccmmercial importance. It is lituated at a confider- 

 able diftance from the coaft on the river Barrow, which has 

 a fufficient depth of water to allow veffels of large fize to 

 unload at the quay. Not far remote is the junction of this 

 river with the Nore, the latter of which conveys merchan- 

 dize to Thomaftown, within a few miles of Kilkenny, while 

 the former affords a communication by canal to Dublin. 

 The Barrow is alfo united to the Suire, which is navigable 

 to Clonmell. Notwithltanding thefe advantages, Mr. W. 

 ftates Rofs to be in a ftate of inactivity, without trade or 

 capital. Other writers fpeak of it as a flourifliing place, 

 the buildings numerous and elegant, and the population 

 rapidly increafing. Rofs is a corporate town, and one of 

 the ftaple ports for the exportation of wool. To the former 

 circumftance Mr. Wakefield attributes its decline. It fends 

 a member to parliament, under the influence of the marquis 

 of Ely. There is a charter fchool for 60 boys. It is 

 called New Rofs, to diftinguifh it from another, now a mere 

 village, a few miles dillant. New Rofs is 67^ miles S.S. W. 

 from Dublin. 



Ross, a county of the ftate of Ohio, divided into 1 1 

 townfliips, and containing 15,514 inhabitants. — Alfo, a 

 town of Washington county, Pennfylvania, containing 132" 

 inhabitants. 



Ross, a fmall ifland near the W. coaft of Scotland, and 

 county of Argyle ; 6 miles N.N. E. of Cambeltcwn. 



Ross IJland, lies in the lake of Killarney, county of Kerry, 

 Ireland, in which is a rich vein of grey copper ore, with 

 copper pyrites, galena, and blende, the working of which 

 has been prevented by an influx of the waters of the lake. 

 A caftle on this ifland has a military governor. 



Ross's IJland, a fmall ifland in the Mergui Archipelago. 

 N. lat. io°44'. 



Ross of Balmangar, a cape of Scotland, on the S. coaft 

 of the county of Kircudbright, at the mouth of the Dee ; 

 4 miles S. of Kircudbright. 



POSSA, a fmall ifland near the W. coaft of the ifland 

 of Coiiica ; 10 miles N.E. of Calvi. — Alfo, a fmall illand 

 in the Mediterranean, near the N. coaft of Sardinia. N. lat. 

 4I°I5'. E. long. 9 25'. 



ROSSAL Point, a cape of England, on the coaft of 

 Lancafhire ; 2 miles W. from the mouth of the river 

 Wyre. 



ROSSANO, a city of Naples, in Calabria Citra, the 

 fee of an archbifhop, formerly the moft celebrated rendez- 

 vous of Bafilian monks in Italy; 27 miles N.N.E. of Co- 

 fenza. N. lat. 39 38'. E. long. i6°44'. 



ROSSARNO, a town of Naples, in Calabria Ultra, on 

 the Mv.-trano ; 4 miles S.E. of Nicotera. 



ROSSBACH, a town of Saxony, in Thuringia, near 

 which Frederic II. king of Pruflia, gained, in the vear 

 1557, a glorious victory over the combined armies of France 

 and Auttria ; 5 miles N.W. of WeiiTenfels. 



Rossbach, Ober, a town of Upper He fie ; 2 miles S.W. 

 of Fridberg. 



Rossbach, Nider, a town of Upper Heflc, near Ober 

 Rofsbaeh. 



ROSS- 



