ROT 



ROT 



waters of which were formerly held in high eftimation, and 

 were much reforted to for the cure of fcorbutic eruptions. 



Halyftone, a fmall village, about five miles welt from 

 Rothbury, is fuppofed to have been a place of fome confe- 

 quence in the time of the Saxons ; for here, according to 

 the venerable Bede, Pauhnus baptized, in a copious adjoin- 

 ing fpring, called our Lady's well, upwards of 3000 per- 

 fons. There was alfo a priory of Benedictine nuns, a few 

 veftiges of which are now in exiftence. 



Harbottle caflle, about a mile from Halyftone, was once 

 a formidable fortrefs, but is now in ruins. It was given by 

 William the Conqueror to Robert de Unfranville, lord of 

 Tours and Vian, by a general grant of the lordfhip of 

 Redefdale, to hold, by defending that country for ever from 

 wolves and enemies, by the fame fword which the Conqueror 

 wore when he entered Northumberland. In 1173 it was 

 lacked by the Scots ; but in 1296 it was befieged in vain by 

 them. It is now the property of Thomas Clennels, efq., who 

 has built a modern maniion near it. 



At Hepple, on the Coquet, about five miles from Roth- 

 bury, there was alfo a ftrong caftle, or tower, of which 

 there are very few remains at prefent. Cartington caftle, 

 two miles north-weft from Rothbury, was formerly the feat 

 of the Ratcliffes : the part of it which remains is kept in 

 good repair, and is very flrongly built. Here is an afylum 

 for fix females of the Roman Catholic religion, who, from 

 their fecluded life, are ufually called nuns. See Hiitbrical 

 and Defcriptive View of the County of Northumberland, 

 &c, 2 vols. 8vo. 181 1, drawn up by Mr. Mackenzie of 

 Newcaftle. Beauties of England, vol. vii. Northumber- 

 land, by the Rev. Mr. Hodgfon. 



ROTHEM, a river of Germany, which runs into the 

 Danube, 5 miles above Ulm. 



ROTHEMSEE, a lake of Germany, in the principality 

 of Anfpach ; 6 miles E. of Gerhardfbron. 



ROTHENBACH, a town of Germany, in the circle 

 of the Lower Rhine ; 30 miles E.S.E. of Francfort on the 

 Maine. — Alfo, a town of Bavaria, in the bifhopric of 

 Bamberg ; 2 miles E. of Forcheim. — Alfo, a town of 

 Bavaria, in the territory of Nuremberg ; 3 miles N.W. of 

 Altorf. 



ROTHENBURG, a town of Lufatia, on the river 

 Neifle ; 14 miles N. of Gorlitz. N. lat. 51 23'. E. long. 

 1 5° 2'. — Alfo, a city of Bavaria, capital of a territory, and 

 imperial, near the Tauber, fituated on a mountain. The 

 water of the Tauber fupplies the town by means of a ma- 

 chine, which raifes it to a part called the Klingenthurn, and 

 from thence it falls down, forming three fountains in the 

 town. The city is encompaffed with ditches and walls, the 

 latter being fortified with towers. It has five churches, and 

 the inhabitants are Lutherans. This is a very ancient place, 

 and it continued imperial till the year 1802, when it was 

 affigned among the indemnities to the elector of Bavaria ; 

 18 miles W. of Anfpach. N. lat. 49° 22'. E. long. io° 

 14'. — Alfo, a town of the duchy of Magdeburg ; 40 miles 

 S. of Magdeburg. 



ROTHENFELS, a caftle giving name to a county, 

 called Konigfegg Rothenfels, and ceded to Bavaria among 

 the indemnities ; one mile N.W. of Immerftadt.— Alfo, a 

 town of the duchy of Wurzburg, on the Maine, the caftle 

 of which was demolifhed by the peafants in the year 1525; 

 «6 miles W.N.W. of Wurzburg. 



ROTHENSIRBEN, a town of Silefia, in the princi- 

 pality of Breflau ; 8 miles S. of Breflau. 



ROTHENSTEIN, a town with a cattle, in the duchy 

 of Wurzburg; 8 miles S.S.E. of Kbmgfhofen. 



ROTHER, a river of England, in Suffex, which runs 



into the lea at Rye. — Alfo, a river in the county of Derby, 

 which runs into the Don, near Rotheram, in Yorkfhire. 



KoTHER-Bea/ls, a word ufed in old ftatutes, and ltill in 

 the northern parts of England, for any horned beafts ; as 

 oxen, cows, fleers, heifers, &c. 



Whence rother-foil, in Herefordftiire, is taken for the dung 

 or foil of fuch cattle. 



RoTHER-./vW.r, are fuch as have a very large head, and 

 are ufed to fallen the rudder-irons in (hips. See Rudder. 



ROTHERAM, in Geography, a market-town and parifh 

 in the upper divifion of the wapentake of Strafford and 

 Tickhill, Weft-Riding of Yorkfhire, England, is fituated 

 near the confluence of the rivers Rother and Don, at the 

 diflance of 45 miles S. by W. from the city of York, and 1 60 

 miles N.N.W. from London. It is defcribed by Leland as 

 " a meatly large town, with a fare collegiate chirch," which 

 was founded by Thomas Scott, archbifhop of York, and a 

 native of Rotheram, in 148 1, for a provoft, five priefts, a 

 fchool-mafter in fong, and fix chorifters, alfo a fchool-malter 

 in grammar, and another in writing. This eftablifhment was 

 diffolved by king Henry VIII. Camden calls Rotheram " a 

 large footy market town," and not unaptly, for even at the 

 prefent day it is far from meriting the appellation of hand- 

 fome or agreeable. The ftreets are narrow and irregular ; 

 and the houfes, which are moftly conftrutted of ftone, have 

 a dull and dingy appearance. A conliderable trade in coals 

 and other articles is carried on here, by means of the river 

 Don. The market day for corn, cattle, and butcher's 

 meat is on Monday, weekly ; and on every alternate Mon- 

 day is a fair for fat cattle, fheep, and pigs ; there are alfo 

 two annual fairs, on Whit Monday, and the firft day of De- 

 cember. Both markets and fairs are well attended ; indeed 

 Rotheram is one of the two greateft marts in Yorkfhire for 

 fat cattle and fheep. The chief public buildings are the 

 town-hall, the parifh-church, and two meeting-houfes, one 

 for Independents and another for Methodilts. The church, 

 according to Burton, in bis " Monafticon Eboracenfe," was 

 erefted in the reign of Edward IV. It is a handfome and 

 fpacious edifice, in the early pointed ftyle, and confifts of a 

 nave, with two fide aides, a chancel, and a tower at the weft 

 end. Annexed to the church is a fchool-houfe, for the 

 education of thirty poor children of the parifh of Rotheram. 

 The clergyman for the time is governor, and has the nomi- 

 nation of the children ; but the truftees of the founder, 

 Thomas Hollis, of London, efq. appoint the mailer. This 

 inftitution is managed under very excellent regulations, a 

 copy of which is delivered to the parents of all children ad- 

 mitted to its benefits. In this town is likewife an academi- 

 cal inftitution, or college, for the education of Proteilant 

 dilfenters. It is called " The Rotheram Independent Aca- 

 demy," becaufe more immediately connected with the clafs 

 of religionilts called Independents. It was firft opened in 

 November, 1795, under the fuperintendance of the Rev. 

 Dr. Williams, who prefided as divinity tutor, and is de- 

 figned for the education of young men propofing to be- 

 come Independent clergymen. This academy is fupported 

 by voluntary contributions. The building appropriated to 

 it was erefted by the late Samuel Walker, efq. and is calcu- 

 lated for the convenient accommodation of iixteen itudents. 

 The library contains above 1 200 volumes, chiefly prefented 

 by patrons of the inftitution ; and there is likewife a toler- 

 able collection of philofophical apparatus. The term of 

 ltudy is four years, but the managers have a difcretionary 

 power to prolong it if they think proper. 



According to the parliamentary returns of 181 1, the 

 town of Rotheram alone contained 731 houfes, and 2950 in- 

 habitants ; and the reft of the parilh, including the town- 



fhips 



