KOT 



R O T 



/hips of Brinfworth, Catliffe, Dalton, Orgreave, and Tinf- 

 ley, 209 houfes, and 986 inhabitants. 



On tlie oppofite fide of the river from Rotheram is the 

 townfhip, or village, of Maxborough, where very extenfive 

 iron-works are carried on by Mellrs. Walker. At thefe 

 works cannon of the largell calibre are manufactured, as 

 are alfo almoit every kind of calt-iron articles, with many 

 of wrought-iron, fuch as bar, fheet, flit, or rod iron. Tin 

 plates, and (leel of every defcription, are likewife made here 

 in great quantities ; and the iron bridges at Sunderland and 

 Yarn-, were caft at thefe founderies. The coal, and the 

 iron-ftone for the blaA-furnaces, are chiefly fupplied from 

 the mines on the eftates of the earl of Effingham, and tfaofe 

 of oarl Fitzwilliam. Thefe works were commenced, in 

 , by Mr. Samuel Walker, and his brothers Aaron and 

 Jonathan, and have ever fince been progrefiively inerealing 

 in exten: and importance. In the Methodid meeting-houfe 

 is a monument in memory of Mr. S.Walker; the epitaph 

 was compofed by the celebrated poet, the Rev. William 

 Mafo.1, who was one of his molt intimate friends. 



The environs of Rotheram are agreeable and pifturefque. 

 On an eminence to the eailward of the town (lands an ele- 

 gant manfion, belonging to the Walker family, which, in 

 point of fituation, can fcarcely be excelled. Aldwark-Hall, 

 tli.' feat of J. S. Foljambe, ciq. fituated at the diitence of 

 four miles from Rotheram, is alfo remarkable for its fine 

 fituation. Near it is the village of Wickerfley, noted for its 

 manufacture of grinddones, of which about 5000, of various 

 fizes, are Hated to be formed annually, and fent to Sheffield. 

 The other principal feats in the neighbourhood of Ro- 

 theram, befides thofe mentioned, are Thundercliffe Grange, 

 the feat of the earl of Effingham, and Wentworth Houfe, 

 the princely refidence of earl Fitzwilliam. The latter houfe 

 coniilts of a centre and two wings, extending about 600 

 feet in length. Many of the apartments are mod fuperb, 

 efpecially the hall and gallery, the latter of which is iup- 

 portedby beautiful Ionic columns, having intervening niches 

 filled with marble ilatues. Here, and in other parts of 

 the houfe, are likewife many paintings ; and among others 

 the famous picture of lord Strafford and his fecretary. 

 Some line antiques are preferved in a room called the mu- 

 feum. Wentwork-park comprifes upwards of 1500 acres 

 of ground, beautifully diveriilied with wood, water, and 

 lawn, and is enriched by feveral ornamental buildings. 

 Among thefe is a molt magnificent maufoleum, erefted by 

 the prefent earl Fitzwilliam, in honour of his uncle, the late 

 marquis of Rockingham. It is condrufted of a very fine 

 free-none, and coniilts of three divifions ; the firlt is a fquare 

 Doric bafement ; the fecond of the fame form, but of the 

 Ionic order ; and the third prefents a cupola, fupported by 

 twelve columns of the fame character. Within is an apart- 

 ment rifing into a dome, which relts upon eight pillar.-:, en- 

 circling a white marble fl ' 11 of the marquis in his robes of 

 date, executed by Mr. Nollekens. Beauties of England 

 and Wales, vol. xvi. by .1. Bigland. 



Rotheram Plough, in Agriculture, a particular fort of 

 plough, which is found very ufeful, and much employed 

 about the town of that name, in Yorklhire, as well a 

 many other places in the kingdom. See PLOUGH. 



ROTHERHITHE, in Geography, a village and parifli 

 in the eaftern divifion of the hundred of Brixton, and 

 county of Surrey, England, is fituated on the fouth b; 

 of the river Thames, at the diltance of a mile and a hall 

 E. of London bridge. The parifh is bounded on the N. 

 and E. by that river, on the S. by the parifhesof Bermond- 

 fey and Camberwell, on the W. by Horfley-Down, and on 

 the S.E. by the parifh of Deptford, in Kent. In this 



parifh are eleven dock-yards, at fome of which fhips are 

 built for the fervice of the Eaft India Company. The 

 manor anciently belonged to the " Abbot of Graces," but 

 was granted, in the reign of Richard II. to the priory of 

 St. Magdalen, Bermondfey. After the fuppreffion of mo- 

 nafteries, it continued annexed to the crown till the reign 

 of Charles I. when it was granted to a gentleman of the 

 name of White, and has fince been poffeffed by various 

 families. This manor has a court-leet and a court -baron. 

 Rotherhithe, not being mentioned in Domefday-book, it 

 feems probable that it was then only a hamlet to Bermond- 

 fey. The church was erefted in 17 15, initead of a former 

 one, which had then become ruinous. It confids of a nave, 

 chancel, and two fide aiflcs, with a fquare tower, furmounted 

 by a fpire at the wed end. The living is a reftory in the 

 diocefe of Wincheder and deanery of Southwark. The 

 onlv remarkable monument here is that of the Pelew prince, 

 Lee Boo, who died of the fmall-pox December 29th, 1784, 

 in the 20th year of his age. This young man was the fon 

 of Abba Tliulle, king of the ifland of Goo-roo-raa, and 

 came to England with captain Wilfon, whole (hip, the An- 

 telope, was wrecked off that ifland 9th Auguil, 1783, on 

 which occafion the natives treated the crew with the utmod 

 humanity and kinduefs. In this parifli is a free-fchool, at 

 which about 30 boys and 20 girls are clothed and educated. 



According to the parliamentary returns of 181 I, Rother- 

 hithe parifh contains 2719 houfes, and 12,114 inhabitants. 

 The Hiflory and Antiquities of the County of Surrey, by 

 the Rev. Owen Manning, continued by William Bray, efq. 

 folio, vol. i. Antiquities of Surrey, by N. Salmon, L.L. B. 

 Lond. 8vo. 1736. Aubrey's Natural Hiitory and Anti- 

 quities of Surrey, vol. v. 8vo. Lond. 1719. Lyfons's En- 

 virons of London, vol. i. 4to. Lond. 1 796. And Supple- 

 ment to the latter, 18 1 3. 



ROTHESAY, or Rosay, a royal borough-town and 

 parifh in the county and ille of Bute, Scotland, is fituated 

 on the bank of a fine bay, at the N.W. fide of the ifland. 

 The ancient Gaelic and patronimic name of this parifh is 

 Cilla-bhruic, which fignilies the church dedicated to 

 St. Broke. The town is yet called, in the Gaelic language, 

 Bailea-Mhoide, or the town where the courts of judice are 

 held. Rothefay is undoubtedly of high antiquity ; but it 

 does not feem to have been conflituted a royal borough 

 till the year 1400, when king Robert 111., who was then 

 refident at the cadle, railed it to that dignity. At that 

 period it was a confiderable town, but in fucceeding years 

 it declined greatly both in extent and population, as was 

 apparent in the early part of the lad century, by the 

 number of ruinous houfes, and foundations of others, which 

 were then vifible. About fifty years ago, indeed, it was 

 reduced to the condition of a mean village, pofleffiug only 

 one decked veffel of inconiiderable burthen. Under the 

 aufpices of the late earl ol Bui <', the induftry and 



emulation of th< Igan to revive, and the town 



has agam advanced to a date of comparative profperity 

 and opulence. Even fo early as 1790, the inhabitant! had 

 accumulated (hipping to the amount ot 4246 tons, and it is 

 believed the eltimate of tonnage is now nearly doubled. 



This.. a principal! I by the enconra 



ment given to tin- hi rring-fifheries, in which the inhabitants of 

 Rothefay have about roo fmall veffels employed annually ; 

 but in part it is lil be attributed to the edablifh- 



ment of fome cotton-mills in the immediate vicinity. 

 Rothefay, as a royal borough, unites with Cambletown, 

 Irvine, Inverary, and Ayr, in th i ol a reprefentative 



to the great council ol the nation. It 1; the feat of the 

 county courts of juttice ; and ha* the honour of giving the 



title 



