ROT 



ROT 



-title of a Scottifh dukedom to the heir apparent of tlk 

 Britifh throne. 



The caftle of Rothefay is now a mere ruin, and is fo 

 completely enveloped with ivy, that only fmall portions of 

 its walls are difcernible to the eye. It was erefted at dif- 

 ferent periods ; part of it, forming the prefent entrance, by 

 king Robert III., and the remainder at a much more remote 

 date. The latter divifion is quite circular, and is ttrength- 

 ened by projecting round towers. This caftle, in remote 

 times, was the fcene of feveral events of military note in 

 Scottifh hiftory. According to TorfaeuS, Hufbec, grand- 

 fon of Somerled, was killed in an attack on a caftle in 

 Bute, moft probably of this. In 1263, Haco, king of 

 Norway, obtained forcible pofi'efiion of it, and of the whole 

 ifland ; and in l?34 it was feized by Edward Baliol, becaufe 

 its then owner, the high fteward of Scotland, was related 

 to the Bruces, and was next heir to the throne. The year 

 following, the ifland was invaded by the Englifh under lord 

 Darcy, and given up to plunder ; which fo exafperated the 

 natives, that, in conjunction with thofeof Arran, they made 

 an attack upon the caftle foon after lord Darcy left it, and 

 fucceeded in regaining pofleflion of it. Subfequent to this 

 period it becamearoyal refidence. King Robert II. and III. 

 lived in it for a confiderable time ; and it would appear that 

 much attention was beftowed on it, for in the reign of 

 James V. we find that one of the articles of accufatfon 

 exhibited againft fir James Hamilton, was his not account- 

 ing for three thoufand crowns deftined for the " reform of 

 the caftle and palace of Rofay." In 1544, the earl of 

 Lennox, afiifted by the Englifh, made himfelf mafter of 

 this place ; after which it became the principal refidence 

 of the Stuarts, anceftors of the prefent family of Bute, 

 and continued fo till the year 1685, when it was burnt 

 by the duke of Argyle. The earl of Bute, however, yet 

 ranks among his titles that of hereditary keeper of this 

 palace. 



The parifh of Rothefay extends about ten miles in 

 length, and from three to four in breadth. In the time of 

 epifcopacy, it was within the diocefe of the Ifles, and on 

 the eftablifhment of Prefbyterianifm, was included in the 

 prefbytery of Irvine, or Cuninghame, and the fynod of 

 Glafgow and Ayr. In 1639, however, it was disjoined from 

 that prefbytery and fynod, and annexed to th« prefbytery 

 of Denoon, and fynod of Argyle, to which it continues 

 united. According to the parliamentary cenfus of 181 1, 

 this parifh contained 702 houfes, and 4970 inhabitants, of 

 whom 3544 are refident within the borough. The Statif- 

 tical Account of Scotland, by Sir John Sinclair, bart. vol. 1. 

 8vo. 1 79 1. Pennant's Tour in Scotland, &c. 4to. vol. i. 

 Lond. 1776. Beauties of Scotland, vol. v. 8vo. 1808. 

 Carlifle's Topographical Dictionary of Scotland, 2 vols. 

 4to. 18,13. 



ROTHEWASSER, a river of Saxony, which runs 

 into the Elbe, about three miles below Pirna. 



ROTHHAUSEN, a town of Germany, in the county 

 of Henneberg ; 8 miles S. of Meinungen. 



ROTHHEIM, a town of the duchy of Wurzburg ; 5 

 miles N.E. of Aub. 



ROTHIA, in Botany, received its name from Schreber, 



in honour of Dr. Albert William Roth, a phyfician of the 



duchy of Bremen, born in 1755 ; whofe Flora Germanics, 



-, ough as yet unfinifhed, his CataleSa Botanica, and various 



"J works, have procured him a diftinguifhed rank 



•rft European botanifts. — Schreb. Gen. 531. Willd. 



v. 3. 161 1. Mail. Mill. Dift. v. 4. Ait. Hort. 



'. 463. Lamarck Illuftr. t. 667. Gxrtn. t. 174. 



'. v. 1. 103 Clafs and order, Syngenefia Poly- 



gnmhi-ttqualis. Nat. Ord. Compofltx f:niiflofculofz, Ln.;.- 

 Cichoracc/e, JufT. 



Gen. Ch. Common Calyx rounded, finely villous ; of 

 about feven equal, linear, acute fcales. Cor. compound, 

 imbricated, uniform, of numerous equal florets, all perfect, 

 whofe partial corolla is of one petal, ligulate, linear, abrupt, 

 with five teeth. Stain. Filaments in each floret five, capil- 

 lary, very fhort ; anthers united into a cylindrical tube. Pifl. 

 Germen in each floret ovate ; ftyle thread-fhaped, the length 

 of the ftamems ; ftigmas two, reflexed. Perk, none, the 

 cdyx clofing over the feeds, which are folitary in each 

 floret ; thofe of the difk cylindrical, fomewhat turbinate, 

 ftriatcd, with lefiile capillary down, feathery in its lower 

 part ; thofe of the radius cylindrical, ftriated, enveloped in 

 fcales of the receptacle, but deftitute of down. Recept. 

 flat ; hairy in the difk ; chaffy at the radius ; the chaffy 

 fcales in feveral rows, linear, channelled, ereft, rather acute, 

 tubular at the bafe, the outermoft equal in length to the 

 calyx, the inner ones gradually fhorter. 



EH". Ch. Receptacle hairy ; chafty in the circumference. 

 Calyx of many equal fcales. Seed-down hairy, fefiile in 

 the difk ; none in the radius. 



Obf. This genus, as every body obferves, is very near 

 Andryala, and we greatly fear ought not to be feparated 

 from it. Dr. Roth at firft named it, after a friend of his. 

 Voigtia, in Roemer and Ufteris' Magazine, Fafc. 10. 17. 

 What Gaertner has delineated and defcribed for Andryala, 

 v. 2. 361. t. 158, is now made a fpecies of Rothia ; to 

 which circumftance however he does not advert at p. 371 

 of the fame volume, where Rothia is defcribed ; neither 

 does Roth, in his original defcription of this genus, feem to 

 have had Andryala at all in his contemplation, or he 

 would furely have contrafted their eflential characters. In 

 faft the genus of Andryala itfelf depends upon two of the 

 fpecies now called Rothia, with which the third indubitably 

 accords. If A. lanata of Linnxus conftituted a diftinft 

 genus, the name of Andryala might remain with it ; but 

 there is much reafon to believe this plant ought to be re- 

 ferred to Hieracium, the hairinefs of its receptacle being 

 uncertain or variable. A. chciranthifolia and raguflna have 

 fo precifely the habit of Rothia, that we can hardly allow 

 them to be feparated from it by any technical characters 

 that we can difcern. In this difficulty we fhall here give 

 the fpecies of Rothia as we find them ; only premifing that, 

 by any thing here laid, we mean not to invalidate Dr. 

 Roth's claim to be commemorated by fome certain and 

 immutable genus, to which his high botanical merits richly 

 entitle him. 



I. R. andryahides. Andryaline Rothia. Gzrtn. v. 2. 

 371. Roth. Catal. n. 1. Willd. n. 1. (Voigtia tomen- 

 toi'a; Roth is Roem. and Uft. Mag. fafc. 9. 17.) — Stem 

 much branched from the very bafe. Leaves downy, ovato- 

 lanceolate, clafping the ftem, nearly entire. — Native of 

 Spain. Root annual, branched, fomewhat woody. Stem 

 twelve or eighteen inches high, ereft, brown, downy ; its 

 branches alternate, widely fpreading. Leaves alternate, 

 diftant, recurved, rather wavy, downy, and hoary. Flotuer- 

 flaihs axillary and terminal, folitary, nearly twice as long 

 as the leaves, naked, ereft, fingle-flowered, extremely downy. 

 Braciea folitary under each flower, lanceolate, very downy, 

 fcarcely longer than the calyx, which is alfo downy and 

 whitifh ; contrafted and globofe before the flower opens, 

 but afterwards lax, confifting of from five to feven fcales. 

 Corolla yellow ; the florets of the circumference purplifh 

 at the back. The outer row of fcales of the receptacle is 

 exaftly like the calyx; the reft gradually fmaller, downy 

 on the outfide. The flowers are open before noon only. 



The 



