Jl O T 



miles N.W. of Judenburg. N. lat. 47° 26'. E. long. 

 1 4 8'. 



ROTTENNESS, Pltredo. See Putrefaction. 

 ROTTENSTEIN, in Geography, a town of Bohemia, 

 in the circle of Konigingratz ; eight miles W.N.W. of 

 Geyerfberg. 



ROTTERDAM. See Anamooka. 

 Rotterdam, a fortrefi: in the ifland of Celebes, near 

 Macaffar, belonging to the Dutch. It lies about 800 feet 

 from the beach, oppolite to the road of MacafTar, where a 

 pier-head extends, which ferves for unloading of the (hips, 

 and clofe to which there are 15 or 16 feet of water. The 

 church is a neat building, and has room for 200 perfous. 

 The walls of the fortrefs are high and ftrong, and conftrufted 

 of rock-Hone. See Vlaardinces. — Alio, a fmall ifland 

 in the gulf of Manaar, near the W. coalt of the ifland of 

 Ceylon ; 10 miles N. of Manaar Alfo, a town of Ame- 

 rica, in New York, on the N. fide of Oneida lake. — Alfo, 

 a city and fea-port of Holland, iituatcd on a river named 

 " Rotter," where it joins the Meufe. This place had the 

 pnsileges of a city not long after the year 1270. It has 

 been accuitomed to hold the lirft rank in the ailembly of the 

 Hates among the fmall cities of Holland ; and next to Am- 

 iterdam it ufed to be reckoned the richeft and moll flourifh- 

 ing city of the whole ilate, on account of the convenience of 

 its harbour, where depth of water allowed the largell vellels 

 to enter, and canals facilitated their loading and unloading 

 at the warehoufes of the merchant*. The port of Rotterdam 

 was more frequented by Britifli traders than that of Am- 

 Iterdam, becaufe when vefiels had weighed anchor, one tide 

 brought them out to fea. Among the principal buildings 

 are the town-houfe, the bank, the Ealt and Weft India 

 houies, the arfenal, and fome of the churches, particularly 

 that dedicated to St. Laurens. On the E. fide of the city 

 are a large bafin and dock, for the purpofe of building and 

 launching vefiels in the fervice of the Admiralty, and the Eaft 

 India Company. The magiftracy conliits of a council of 24, 

 out of which are elected four burgomafters, a grand bailift, 

 and feven cchcvins. Belides the magiftracy of the city, here 

 are alfo three other tribunals, viz, the college of the grand 

 bailiff, or dyckgrave of Schieland, and council, compofed 

 partly of nobility and partly of the cities of Rotterdam, 

 Goude, and Schiedam, that hold their afTembhes at Rot- 

 terdam, in a houfe called Landhuys, whole bufinef- it is 

 to inlpett the dykes, fuperintend the roads and canals, and 

 take care of every thing that pertain* to the environs of the 

 city ; the fecond tribunal is that of the judges of Schieland, 

 whole junfdidtion extends over what does not belong parti- 

 cularly to the magistrates of cities ; the third is the college 

 of the lords of the admiralty for the Meule, who have a 

 houfe appropriated to that bufinefs. Rotterdam was the 

 birth-place of Erafmus, and it is faid that his ltatue itill 

 remains, and alio the houfe in which he was born. The 

 ftreets are long and generally narrow, and the foot pave- 

 ment is only diftiiigiulhed by a clean line of bricks ; the po- 

 pulation is eftimated at about 48,000 people ; 30 miles 

 S.S.W. of Amfterdam. N. lat. 51 55'. E. long. 4. 24'. 



ROTTES, a town of Norway; 50 miles N. E. of 

 Romldal. 



ROTTI, an ifland in the gulf of Venice, near the coaft 

 of Friuli. N. lat. 45 J 45'. E. long. 12 </. 



ROTTINGEN, 'a town of the duchy of Wurz- 

 burg, on the Tauber ; 13 miles W.N.W. ot Rotten- 

 burg. 



ROTTE, a river of Auflria, which rum ii.to the Danube, 

 fix miles above Lint/. 



ROTTLERA, in Botany, is to called in honour of the 



ROT 



Rev. Dr. Rottler, Danifh miflionary at Tranquebar, who 

 like feveral of his brethren in that remote fituation, ha» 

 alleviated his more ferious occupations with the ftudy of 

 plants ; and, befides acquiring himfelf a confiderable know- 

 ledge of botany, has been eminently ferviceable to the 

 fcience, by his communications to his European friends. 

 The original Rottkra of Willdenow proving the identical 

 Trewia nudiflora of Linna:us, the prefent, cliolen by Dr. Rox- 

 burgh, has been received fubferfucntly by Willdenow, at 

 well as in Hort. Kew. Thus the Rottkra of Vahl, in his 

 Enumeratio, v. 1. 87, is fuperfeded, and if a good genus, 

 mult have another name. — Roxb. Coromand. v. 2. 36. 



Willd. Sp. PI. v. 4. 832. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5. 406 



Clafs and order, Dioecia hofandria. Nat. Ord. Tricocce, 

 Linn. Euphorbia, Jufl'. 



Gen. Ch. Male, Cal. Perianth of one leaf ; tube fhort j 

 limb in four deep, ovate, reflexed fegments ; the two oppo- 

 fite ones rather the fmalleit. Cor. none. Stam. Filaments 

 between thirty and forty, capillary, erett, inferted into the 

 tube of the calyx, and about the length of its limb ; anthers 

 linear, cloven at each end. 



Female, on a feparate tree, Cal. Perianth inferior, bell- 

 fhaped, with four erect teeth. Cor. none. Pifl. Germen 

 fuperior, ovate, powdery ; ttyles three, reflexed ; ftigmas 

 feathery. Poic. Capfule roundifh, powdery, three-lobed, 

 three-celled, three-valved, the partitions from the centre of 

 each valve. Seeds folitary, globofe. 



Ell'. Ch. Male. Calyx deeply four-cleft, reflexed. Co- 

 rolla none. Stamens thirty to forty. 



Female. Calyx four-toothed, erect. Corolla none. Styles 

 three. Capfule fuperior, three-lobed, three-celled. Seeds 

 folitary. 



1. R. tinSoria. Dyer's Rottlera. Roxb. Corom. v. 2. 

 36. t. 168. — Native ot the inland mountainous parts of the 

 circars of Hindooftan, dowering in the cold feafon. Dr. Rox- 

 burgh never found it any where elfe. This is a middle- 

 fi/.ed, creft, branching tree. Leaves alternate, (talked, 

 elliptic-oblong, acute, entire, from four to eight inches in 

 length, three-ribbed and veiny ; nearly fmooth above ; 

 downy beneath ; furnillicd at their bafe with two brown 

 glands. Footjlalhs round, downy, from one to three inches 

 long. Flowers fmall, in clutters, about the tops of the 

 branches, axillary and terminal ; the latter branched. Cap- 

 Jules the fize of a fmall cherry, clothed with abundance of 

 deep red granular powder, ealily rubbed off. This powder 

 is a valuable article of commerce, being much eltcemcd, 

 efpecially among the Moors, for dyeing lilk of a deep, 

 bright, very beautiful and durable, full-orange or (lame- 

 colour. When the caplules are ripe, in February or March, 

 they are gathered, and the powder carefully brufhed off. 

 It is preferved without any further procefs, and is fold to 

 the merchants trading t.> Hydrabad, and other inland parts. 

 Tin- fubltance is but little acted upon by water, except 

 with the admixture of alkaline falts, when it gives out a 

 very deep blood-red colour. To fpirits it communicates a 

 rich, deep, reddifll flame-colour ; but in ncithci inftance does 

 it diflolve, the grains remaining entire, like (and. The in- 

 habitants know tins powder by the name ot Walfunta-gunda, 

 and life it in the following manner. To tour parts ui 

 Wqjfunta-gunda are added one of alum, and two o] fait oi 

 i ida, native barilla. Thefe are rubbed well together, with 

 a portion of exprefled oil of Sefamum, lo In. all as hardly to 

 In- perceived. When well mixed, the whole is put into 

 boiling water, in quantity proportioned lo the lilk which » 



to be dyed, and kept boiling Imartly, more 

 according to the (hade required. The filk is turned fre- 

 quently, to re::dcr the colour uniform. 



ROTTO, 



