R O Y 



It O \ 



works ; " Ruines des plus beaux Monumens de la Grece ;" 

 this obtained for the author admiflion into the Academy of 

 Inlcriptions ; " Hifloire de la Difpofition et des Formes 

 diffcrentes des Temples des Chretiens ;" " Ob ervations 

 lur les Edifices des anciens Peuples ;" " De la Marine des 

 ancient Peuples." He publilhed two other works on the 

 conllru&ion of the (hips of the ancients ; and a memoir on 

 cutting mads in the Pyrenees. This ingenious man died at 

 Paris in the year 1803, at the age of 75. 



Roy, Peter, brother of the above, was watch-maker 

 to the king, and publilhed memoirs for the clock-makere 

 of Paris, — Etrennes Chronometiques — Treatife on the La- 

 bours of Harrifon and le Roy for the Difcovery of Longi- 

 tude at Sea. He died in 1785. It is well known, fays 

 a contemporary biographer, that the Englilh, on ac- 

 count of their numerous difcoveries in this art, had enjoyed 

 (uch a reputation for the excellence of their clocks and 

 watches, that they found every where a nrarket, in prefer- 

 ence to any others, and that the French themfelves were 

 obliged to come to England for their time-pieces. Julien 

 le Roy, the father, had the honour of removing, in part, 

 this preeminence, and of transferring it to the French. 

 He made many difcoveries in the conflru&ion of repeating- 

 clocks and watches : in fecond and horizontal watches he 

 invented an univerfal compafs with a fight ; — an extremely 

 ufeful and limple contrivance for drawing a meridional line, 

 and finding the decimation of the needle ; and alfo a new 

 univerfal horizontal dial. It is to him we are indebted for 

 the method of compenfating for the effe&s of heat and cold 

 in the balances of chronometers, by the unequal expanfion 

 of different metals, a dilcovery which has been brought by 

 our Englilh artilts to a Rate of great perfection, although 

 it had been thrown afide by the inventor's fon, Peter. 



Roy, in Geography, a town of Silelia, giving name to a Iord- 

 fliip in the principality of Tefchen ; 6 miles N. of Tefchen. 

 ROYA, El, a town of Spain, in Old Cattile ; 10 miles 

 N.N.W. of Soria. 



ROYAL, regal, fomething relating to a king. 

 The word is French, formed from the Latin rega/is, of 

 rex, ling. 



In this fenfe we fay, the royal family, the royal blood, 

 royal line, &c. 



In England, the prince and princefs of Wales, the king's 

 brothers, &c. are addreii'ed under the title of royal highnefs. 



Royai. Abbey, denotes an abbey founded by a king, or by 

 a prince who is fucceeded by a king. 



Ro\ yl Academy of Arts. See London. 

 Royal Academy of Sciences, &c. See Academy. 

 Royal Academy of Mufic. See Ol Kit A. 

 Royal Antler, among Hunters, expreffes the third branch 

 of the horn of a hart or buck, that Ihoots out from the rear 

 er main horn above the back-antler. 

 Royal Army. See Army. 



Royal AJfent, is that affent or approbation which the king 

 gives to a thing done by others ; as the election of a bifhop 

 by dean and chapter, or to a bill palled in both houfes of 

 parliament. 



The royal affent in parliament being given, I In- bill is in. 

 dorfed with thefe words, Le roy le veut ; that is, /'/ pleafcs the 

 king. If he refufes it, thus, J.e roy s'avifra, q. d. the ting 

 wilt advife upon it. See Pa kli a m r.\ T. 

 Royal Boroughs. See BOROUGH. 

 Royal Crown, is that worn by kings. See Cliuwx. 

 Royal Charter. See CHARTER. 

 Royal African Company. Sec COMPANY. 

 Royal Exchange, the burfe or meeting-place of the 

 merchants in London. 



It was firfl built in 1566, at the charge of fir Thomas 

 Grefham ; and in a folemn manner, by herald with found 

 of trumpet, in prefence of queen Elizabeth, proclaimed the 

 Royal Exchange. Till that time the merchants met in 

 Lombard- itreet. 



It was built of brick, yet then eileemed the mod fplendid 

 burfe in Europe. A hundred years after its building, at 

 the great fire, it was burnt down ; but it was foon raifei 

 again in a Hill more magnificent manner, the expence of it 

 amounting to 50,000/. 



One half of this fum was difburfed by the chamber of 

 London, the other by the company of mercers ; who, to 

 reimburfe themfelves, let to hire a hundred and ninety (hops 

 above Itairs, at twenty pounds each ; which, with other 

 ffiops, &c. on the ground, yielded a yearly rent of above 

 four thoufand pounds ; yet the ground it (lands on does not 

 exceed three-fourths of an acre ; whence it is obferved to 

 be much the richeft fpot of ground in the world. 



It is a quadrangular building, with walks around, in 

 which the merchants of the refpecrive countries alfociate 

 themfelves. In the middle of the area, or court, is a fine 

 marble ltatue of king Charles II., in the habit of a Roman 

 Ciefar, erected by the fociety of merchant-adventurers ; the 

 workmanfhip of Grinlin Gibbons. Around are ranged the 

 (tatues of the fevcral kings fince the Norman Conquelt. See 

 London. 



Royal Fifties are whales and fturgeon, and fome add 

 porpoiles too ; which the king, by his prerogative, is to 

 have, whenever call on more, or wrecked, in all places of 

 the realm ; unlefs granted to fubjects by exprefs words. 



Royal Foot, Fort, Franchife, Hofpital. See the fub- 

 ftantives. 



Royal Oat, was a fair-fpreading tree at Bolcobel, in 

 the parilli of Donnington, in Staffordfhire, the boughs of 

 which were all covered with ivy ; in the thick of which 

 king Charles II. fat in the day-time with colonel Carelefs, 

 and in the night lodged in Bofcobel-houfe ; fo that they are 

 millaken who fpeak of it as an old hollow oak ; it being 

 then a gay flourilhing tree, furrounded with many more. 

 The poor remains of it are now fenced in with a handfome 

 wall, with this infeription over the gate, in golden letters : 

 .1. r.-IMAM Y.RB0REM, (RAM IN ASYLUM POTENTISSIMI 

 RE.6I8 CAROL! II. DEUS Of. MAX. I'ER QDEM RE6ES KKci- 

 nant, iin 1 1 -i 1 RE \oi, 1 n, &c. Phil. Tranf. N° 310. 

 Royal Oak, Rebur Carolinum, in Aflronomy, one of the 

 new fouthern conilellations, the flars of which, according 

 t<i Sharp's Catalogue, annexed to the Britannic, are 12. 

 See Convi 1 1 1. a 1 ion. 



Royal Officers. See OFFICER. 



Roy U. Parapet, or Parapet of the Rampart, in Fortifica- 

 tion, is a bank about three fathoms broad, and fix feet high, 

 placed upon the brink of the rampart, towards the country ; 

 to cover thole who defend the rampart. 

 Roy ai. Poop. See l'uor. 

 R.OYAI. Port. See Pour Royal. 



RoYAL Society of England, i> an academy, or body, of 

 p rfons of eminent learning ; inftituted by king Charles II. 

 for the ■promoting of natural knowledge. 



Tin illuflrious body had its original in an aflembly of in- 

 genious men, refiding in London, who, being inquilitive 



into natural, and the new and experimental philofophy, 

 agreed, about the year 104c, to meet weekly on a certain 



day, to difcourfe upon fuch uibjeAs. Thefe meetings, it 

 l were fuggeited t>y Mr.Tneodore Haak, a native of 



the Palatinate in Germany; and they were In Id tometinies 



at Dr. Goddard's lodgings in Wood-llreet, iometimes at a 



convenient place in Cheapfidc, aud fon-.ctimes in or near 



7 Grelham 



