RUB 



RUB 



The ruble of Alexander ( 1 802 ) bears on one fide the eagle 

 and legend, as above ; on the reverfe, " Coin of the Ruffian 

 empire, ruble," encircled with a branch of laurel, and one 

 of oak, having a fmall crown at the top. 



The poltina, or half ruble, bears the fame impreflions as 

 the ruble, according to the period at which it was coined, 

 except that the infcription contains the word poltina, in- 

 ftead of ruble ; and the quarter ruble is marked polupol- 



TINICK. 



The 20-copeck piece has the head, name, and title of 

 the reigning fovereign, as above ; reverfe, a two-headed 

 eagle, with the number 20 on its breaft, and no legend. 

 The 15-copeck piece bears the fame impreflions, but it is 

 marked 15. 



The 10-copeck piece has the two-headed eagle ; reverfe, 

 the value of the piece, 10 COPECKS. 



The 5 -copeck piece has a Ruffian P, with a crown over 

 it, and under which is an I ; reverfe, 5 copecks, and two 

 laurel branches. Kelly's Univerfal Cambift. 



RUBRIC, Rubrica, in the Canon Law, denotes a 

 title, or article, in certain ancient law-books ; thus called, 

 becaufe written, as the titles of the chapters in our ancient 

 Bibles are, in red letters. 



Rubrics alfo denote the rules and directions given in the 

 Liturgy ; for the order and manner in which the feveral 

 parts of the office are to be performed. 



They are called rubrics from the Latin ruber, red ; be- 

 caufe formerly printed in red ink, to diftinguifh them from 

 the reft of the office, which was in black ; as they il ill are 

 in the Roman miffals, &c. 



The great rubric for the celebration of Eafter, prefcribed 

 by the Nicene council, is to this purpofe : Eafter-day to be 

 the Sunday which falls upon, or next after, the firft full 

 moon which immediately fucceeds the vernal equinox. Dr. 

 Wallis has a particular difcourfe on the ancient rubrics for 

 the feaft of Eafter, in the Philofophical Tranfadtions. 



RUBRICA. See Reddle. 



RUBUS, in Botany, an ancient Latin word, certainly 

 of the fame origin as ruber, which appears to be the Celtic 

 rub, red. (See Rhus, Rosa, and Rubia.) The red 

 hue, more or lefs prevalent, in various parts of the different 

 kinds of Bramble, of which the prefent genus confifts, 

 readily accounts for the application of the above name. — 

 Linn. Gen. 254. Schreb. 342. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 1080. 

 Mart. Mill. DicL v. 4. Sm. Fl. Brit. 541. Prodr. Fl. 

 Grxc. Sibth. v. 1. 349. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 3. 267. 

 Purfh 346. Jufl". 338. Tourn. t. 385. Lamarcklllultr. 

 t. 441. Gaertn. t. 73. — Clafs and order, Icofandria Poly- 

 gyria. Nat. Ord. Senticojee, Linn. Rojacex, Juil. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, flattifh, in 

 five oblong, fpreading, fimple, permanent fegments. Cor. 

 Petals five, roundifh or oblong, fomewhat lpreading, in- 

 lerted into the calyx, and ufually about the length of its 

 fegments. Stam. Filaments numerous, fhorter than the 

 corolla, inferted into the calyx ; anthers roundifh, com- 

 preffed. P'Jl- Germens numerous, altogether luperior ; 

 ityles fmall, capillary, one fpringing from the tide of each 

 germen ; ftigmas fimple, permanent. Peru. Berry com- 

 pound, confifting of feveral roundifh pulpy grains, each of 

 one cell, collected into a convex head, hollow underneath, 

 inferted upon a conical fpongy permanent receptacle, and 

 at length deciduous. Seeds folitary, oblong, compreffed. 



Obf. The feparatc juicy grains, which compofe the ge- 

 neral berry, are ufually fo attached to each other, that they 

 cannot be difunited without tearing. In R. faxatilis they 

 are diftinft. R. Chamamorus is not, as Linnasus hrft 

 thought] dioecious, but monoecious ; Dr. Solander having 



obferved that the male and female flowers grow from one 

 root, though on feparate items. Each flower of this fpecies 

 has indeed both ftamens and piftils, though, in one or other 

 flower, one part is imperfect. 



Efl. Ch. Calyx in five fimple fegments. Petals five. 

 Berry fuperior, compofed of fingle-feeded grains, deci- 

 duous. Receptacle permanent. 



This numerous genus partakes confiderably of the beauty 

 and elegance prevalent throughout the whole order of Ro- 

 Jacea, and is befides valuable, in many inftances, for its 

 wholefome and highly grateful fruit. The Jlem is molt 

 generally fhrubby ; fometimes herbaceous ; more frequently 

 trailing than ereft ; in fome of the fhrubby kinds biennial 

 only, not perennial. Both Jlem, Jlalks, and even the ribi 

 of the leaflets, in many of the fhrubby fpecies, are prickly. 

 Leaves either lobed, digitate, pedate, or pinnate. Flowers 

 either folitary, racemofe, or panicled, red or white. Fruit 

 black, blueifh, red, or yellowifh, often highly fragrant. 

 Mod of the fpecies grow in cool climates, or mountainous 

 fituations. We have feveral to add to Willdenow's, which 

 amount to 31 in number. 



Seftion 1. Stem woody. 



1. R. rofitjolius. Rote-leaved Bramble. — Leaves pin- 

 nate, of five, or three, doubly ferrated leaflets ; green, and 

 (lightly downy, on both fides. Stem and footftalks prickly. 

 Flowers folitary.. — Sm. Plant. Ic. fafc. 3. t. 60. Willd. 

 n. I. Gathered by Commerfon in the ifle of Mauritius, 

 and communicated by Thouin to the younger Linnaeus. 

 We have alfo a fine fpecimen from fir Jofeph Banks, with- 

 out any account of its native country. The Jlem is fhrubby, 

 round, finely downy like the whole of the herbage, but no 

 part is hoary or white. Prickles fomewhat hooked, yel- 

 lowifh, rather fmall, copioufly fcattered over the item and 

 leaf-ftalks. Leajlets ufually five, ovato-lanceolate, taper- 

 pointed, deeply, fharply, and doubly ferrated ; befprinkled 

 with minute refinous particles, and of the fame colour, on 

 both fides. Stipulas in pairs on the bafe of each footftalk, 

 linear-lanceolate, narrow and acute. Flowers folitary, 

 (talked, either axillary, or oppofite to the leaves, one of 

 them terminal. Segments of the calyx ovate, taper-pointed, 

 longer than the petals, denfely downy, especially on the 

 inner fide. We know nothing of the Jruit. The minute 

 globular refinous particles, fcattered, more or lefs copioufly, 

 over both fides of the leaves, feem peculiar to this fpecies. 



2. R. Jraxinijo/ius. Afh-leaved Indian Bramble. Poiret 

 in Lamarck Dift. v. 6. 242. ( R. moluccus parvifolius ; 

 Rumph. Amboin. v. 5. 88. t. 47. f. 1.) — Leaves pinnate, 

 of feven, or five, doubly ferrated, parallel-veined leaflets ; 

 quite fmooth on both fides. Footftalks prickly. Panicles 

 terminal,' fmooth, widely fpreading. — Gathered by Com- 

 merfon in Java. If we are right in the fynonym of Rum- 

 phius, about which there feems little doubt, and which is 

 certainly mifapplied by Linnaeus to his R. parvifolius, this 

 fpecies is common in Amboyna, growing in low fituations 

 near rivers. He fays the Jruit is red, but watery and in- 

 iipid. The whole plant in our fpecimen ir„ except the 

 downy inlide of the calyx, quite fmooth, and of fo itrikmg 

 an appearance with its large afh-like leaves, marked with 

 numerous, ftraight, parallel veins, that we cannot but 

 wonder at its having fo generally cfcaped the notice cf In- 

 dian botamits. The Jlem is round, (lightly, or not at all, 

 prickly ; though the Jootftalks, and now and then the rib of 

 a leaflet, bear fmall hooked prickles. Stipulas almoft feta- 

 ceous. Panicles terminal, many-flowered, repeatedly com- 

 pound, widely fpreading ; their (talks flender, unarmed, 

 with feveral, fcattered, oblong, fmooth braSeas, toothed at 

 the end. Segments of the calyx broadh r ovate, with a long 



(louder 



