RUBUS. 



white. Fruit black, of numerous grains, with reticulated 

 feeds. 



Mutis fent Linnaeus a fpecimen from Santa Fe, which 

 agrees in every effential particular with that of Dombey, 

 except the leaflets being fmaller, and in fome inflances five in 

 number. — The fpecific name does not appear to us very ap- 

 propriate ; holofericeus would have been better, for we have 

 met with nothing of fo filky an 1 afpedl in the genus 

 befides. 



26. R. ctflus. Common Dew-berry. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 706. Willd. n. 12. Ait. n. 4. Fl. Brit.n. 2. Engl. Bot. 

 t. 826. Bulliard t. 381. (R. minor, fru&u cseruleo ; 

 Bauh. Hid. v. 2. 59.) — Leaves ternate, hairy beneath ; the 

 lateral leaflets lobed externally. Stem prickly, proftrate, 

 glaucous. Calyx embracing the fruit. — Native of Europe, 

 in oroves and bufhy places ; not rare in England ; about 

 (Tiady hedges and the borders of fields, flowering in June 

 and Julv, bearing fruit throughout Auguft and September. 

 The ftems are round, weak and trailing, befet with (lender 

 (lightly curved prickles, and confpicuous for a vivid glau- 

 cous bloom, eaiily rubbed off. Though woody, they are 

 onlv annual, or at mod biennial. Leaflets three, of a broad, 

 rounded, ovate figure, acute, fharply and doubly (errated, 

 light green ; downy and a little paler, but not hoary, be- 

 neath ; the lateral ones feffile, generally lobed on the outfide. 

 Footflalls prickly and downy. Stipulas lanceolate. Flowers 

 few together, in (lender, terminal or axillary, prickly 

 panicles. Segments of the calyx ovate, or obovate, long- 

 pointed, downy, fpreading the flower, clofed about the 



fruit, which laft character is neglefted in Bulliard' s, other- 

 wife charafteriltic, plate. Petals obovate, longer than the 

 calyx, fpreading, waved and crumpled, white, rarely 

 reddifh. Fruit of few and rather large grains, black with 

 a bright blue tinge, like a plum ; its flavour very agreeably 

 acid, though not perfumed, and dellitute of the mawkifh 

 flavour of the common Black-berry. 



27. R. corylifolius. Hazel-leaved Bramble. Fl. Brit. 

 n. 3. Engl. Bot. t. 827. Ait. n. 5. (R. major, fruftu 

 ligro ; Schmidel Ic. t. 2. R. montanus repens, farmentis 

 longifiimis et rotundis, fpinis tenuiffimis exafperatis, amplo 

 coryli folio, flore albo, fruftu nigro craffiore ; Mich. Hort. 

 Florent. 82. Till. Pis. 149?) — Leaves quinate, or ternate, 

 rounded, hairy beneath ; the lateral leaflets feffile. Prickles 

 ftraightifh. Calyx of the fruit reflexed. — Native of England, 

 Germany, and probably of Italy. We cannot difcover 

 that Dr. Sibthorp met with this fpecies in Greece. Dille- 

 nius feems to hint at it in his edition of Ray's Synopfls, 467, 

 as differing from the common bramble, in having " earlier, 

 larger, and white bloflbms," which is correctly true. Mr. 

 Crowe, ever attentive to the ufeful parts of botany, was led 

 to didinguirti our corylifolius, by obferving that thatchers 

 rejected the flems, on account of brittlenefs, and felefted the 

 true fruticofus to bind down their thatch, that fpecies being 

 truly fhrubby and perennial ; while the flems of the prefent 

 are, like thofe of the Rafpberry, biennial, and far more 

 brittle than fruticofus. They are moreover roundith, all 

 the prickles nearly (Iraight, not hooked. The leaflets are 

 large, pliant, doubly lerrated, always of a bright green 

 on both fides ; hairy, but never white or cottony, be- 

 neath. Some of them fo exaftly refemble the leaves of a 

 hazel, that we have puzzled good botanilts to diftinguifh one 

 from the other. The flowers appear early in July, and are 

 white, forming an oblong cylindrical panicle. Fruit earlier, 

 of a browner black, of rather fewer grains, and more grate- 

 fully acid than in fruticofus, being intermediate, as it were, 

 between the Dew. berry and Common Black-berry. Its 



reflexed calyx didinguiihes it readily from the former. Our 

 corylifolius is fuppofed to be the fruticofus of Hoffmann'* 

 German Flora, and perhaps of many other botauifts. Will- 

 denow has it not. 



2K. R. fruticofus. Common Bramble, or Black-berry. 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 707. Willd. n. 13. Ait. n. 6. Fl. Brit. 

 n. 4. Engl. Bot. t. 715. Mill. Illudr. t. 45. (R. major, 

 fruttu nigro ; Bauh. Hid. v. 2. 57. Rubus ; Ger. Em. 

 1272. Camer. Epit. 751.) — Leaves moftly quinate, downy 

 beneath ; leaflets (talked. Stem angular, befet, like the 

 footftalks and flower-ftalks, with hooked prickles. Calyx 

 of the fruit reflexed. — Common in hedges and thicket! 

 throughout Eunppe ; flowering with us in July and Augult, 

 and ripening fruit in September and Oftober. Dr. Sibthorp 

 found this fpecies extremely abundant in Greece, and con- 

 ceived it to be, as generally fuppofed, the true B^lo:, or 

 Bramble, of Diofcorides, the fame name being given to it 

 by the modern Greeks. Theflem is truly fhruboy and pe- 

 rennial, long and arching, purplifh, ftrongly angular, armed 

 with very powerful hooked prickles, fucli as occur, of a 

 fmaller fize, on the ftalks and rib? of the leaves, as well as 

 on the flower-flails. The leaflets, ufuaily five, are of a 

 narrower, more oblong, and pointed form than the laft ; 

 dark green above ; very white and cottony beneath; though 

 fpecimens may occafionally be found which have, on one and 

 the fame branch, fuck white-backed leaves, with others that 

 are pale green, or barely hoar)'. All the leaflets have com- 

 monly very confiderable partial footftalks, the outermoft 

 more or lefs combined with the next. T\\e flowers in long, 

 cylindrical, compound, denfe, and rigid panicles, are of an 

 elegant blufh or rofe -colour, feldom white. Calyx downy, 

 moderately pointed, always reflexed both in flower and fruit. 

 Berry of very numerous crowded grains, of a violet black 

 when ripe, with a fweet but mawkifh talle, acceptable only 

 to children, whofe 



■' Pretty lips with black-berries, 

 Are oft befmeared and dyed." 



There is a fuppofed variety of R. fruticofus with jagged 

 leaves, green beneath, and double \vW\U- flowers. 



29. R. villofus. Hairy American Black-berry. Ait. 

 n. 8. Willd. n. 14. Ptirfh n. 2. — Leaves quinate, or ternate, 

 ovate-oblong, taper-pointed, fharply ferrated, finely hairy 

 on both fides. Stem and footftalks hifpid, and fomewhat 

 prickly. Clufters fimple, lax, hairy, and glandular ; fome- 

 times leafy. — In old fields and commons, from New England 

 to Carolina, frequent, flowering in June and July, and known 

 by the name of Black-berries. Purfh. It appears to have 

 been introduced into the gardens of England and France 

 about the fame time, near 40 years ago. In the latter it was 

 called R. vulpinus. The leaves are rather large, properly 

 confiding of five leaflets, green on both fides, of which the 

 terminal one has a very long partial ftalk, and the two hind- 

 molt very fhort ones, all the partial ftalks radiating from 

 one point. In fome of the upper leaves the lateral leaflets 

 are combined for almoft their whole length ; the next leaf to 

 thefe is ternate ; and the uppermod of all fimple, dirmniih- 

 ing into a leafy braffea under each flower-flail, but dill 

 accompanied by flipulas. The flowers are rather fmall, and 

 feem to be white. 



30. R. canadenfis. Purple-ftalked Canada Bramble. 

 Linn. Sp. PL 707. Willd. 11. 15. Purfh n. 4.— Leaves 

 digitate, of from ten to five, or three, lanceolate, taper- 

 pointed, fharply ferrated, partial-dalked leaflets, fmooth on 

 both fides. Stem without prickles. — In rocky barren woods 

 of Canada and New England, flowering in June and July. 



o The 



