R U D 



R U D 



RUDEN, a fmall ifland in the Baltic, near the coaft of 

 Pomeraaia, amidft fhoals and fand-banks, which render it 

 probable that it was formerly much larger ; and this con- 

 jecture is confirmed by another circumftance, viz. that in 

 the year 1264 it had two church-villages, called " Ruden" 

 and " Carven." On this ifland is a caftle ; and between it 

 and the little ifland of Die is a fand eight miles long and 

 two broad. N. lat. 53 40'. E. long. I 3 48'. 



Ruden, or Tydal, a mountain which feparates the pro- 

 vince of Jamptland in Sweden, from the province of 

 Orontheim in Norway. 



RUDENHAUSEN, a town of Germany, in the county 

 of Cartel ; 28 miles W.S.W. of Bamberg. ' 



RUDENTURE, in Jrcbitefiure, the figure of a rope, 

 or ftaff, fomctimes plain, fometimes carved ; with which a 

 third part of the fluting of columns is frequently filled up. 



It is thus called from the Latins rudest, cable, whence fome 

 call it a cabling; and the columns, whofe flutings are thus 

 filled, they call rudenled, or cable columns. 



There are alfo rudenuires in relievo, laid on the naked of 

 pilafters, not fluted ; an inltance of which we have in the 

 church of St. Sapienza at Rome. 



RUDERATION, Ruderatio, in Building, a term 

 ufed by Vitruvius for the laying a pavement with pebbles, 

 or little ftones. 



To perform the ruderation, it is neceffary the ground be 

 firft. well beaten, to make it firm, and to prevent its crack- 

 ing. Then a ftratum of little ftones is laid, to be afterwards 

 bound together with mortar, made of lime and fand, called 

 by Vitruvius_/?a/«ff;<7/. 



If the fand be new, its proportion to the lime may be as 

 three to one ; but if dug out of old pavements, or walls, as 

 five to two. 



Ruderation, Daviler obferves, is ufed by Vitruvius, 

 lib. vii. cap. I. for the coarfeft and moil artlefs kind of ma- 

 fonry ; where a wall is, as it were, cobbled up. 



RUDGELEY, in Geography, a market-town in the pa- 

 rifh of Rudgeley, eaft divifion of the hundred of Cuttle- 

 ftone, county of Stafford, England, is fituated on the 

 fouth bank of the river Trent, at the diftance of gi miles 

 E.S.E. from the town of Stafford, and 131-5 miles N.W. 

 by N. from London. It has been long celebrated on ac- 

 count of its great annual fairs for horfes, particularly thofe 

 of the coach breed. The market day is Tuefday, weekly ; 

 and the fairs are held on the 6th of June and 20th of October. 

 The church, which Hands on the north fide of the town, is 

 not remarkable as a building, but it contains feveral hand- 

 fome monuments to the memory of the Chetwynd and 

 Wefton families. The living is a vicarage in the patronage 

 of the (.lean and chapter of Lichfield. 



The ancif nt owners of Rudgeley were of the fame name 

 with the town, and feem to have continued in pofleflion till 

 the reign of Henry VI. In the time of Edward III. fome 

 of the family were (heriffs of the county ; and one was a 

 knight of the (hire during the fame period. Erdefwick 

 ftates that this manor fubfequently belonged to the bifhops 

 of Lichfield, and was alienated by bifhop Sampfon to the 

 crown in 1547. 



On the oppofite bank of the Trent from Rudgeley, are 

 feveral villages named Ridwane, and diftinguifhed from each 

 other by the adjunct Hamflall, Pipe, and Mavefyn or Mal- 

 veyfin. Of thefe, the lalt is the moft important ; and its 

 church is interefting to the antiquary, on account of the 

 numerous ancient monuments it contains in memory of the 

 Mavefyns, lords of the manor, feveral of whom were mili- 

 tary characters of confiderable eminence. Hugo Mavefyn, 

 the founder of the church, is reprefented by a ftone figure 



in chain armour, armed and equipped for battle, lying under a 

 pointed arch in the north wall of the church. Adjoining, 

 under another fimilar arch, is the recumbent figure of fir 

 Henry Mavefyn, a knight croifader. Like his predeceflbr, 

 he appears completely armedj and drefied in chain mail ; 

 but differs from him in having his legs croffed, and his (hield 

 charged with crofs bars. The other tombs are altar-fhaped, 

 and are fituated in the middle of the church. That of fir 

 Robert Mavefyn recalls to memory a melancholy ftory, thus 

 related by Mr. Pennant : " In the beginning of the reign 

 of the ufurping Henry, when the kingdom was divided 

 againft itfelf, two neighbouring knights, fir Robert Mavef- 

 ton, and fir William Handfacre, of Handfacre, took arms 

 in fupport of different parties : the firft to aflert the caufe 

 of Bolingbroke ; the laft that of the depofed Richard. 

 They aflembled their vaflals, and began their march to join 

 the armies, then about to commence battle near Shrewl- 

 bury. The two neighbours, with their refpective followers, 

 unfortunately met not far from the feats. Actuated by 

 violent party rage a fkirmifli enfued : fir William was flain 

 on the fpot. What a picture is this of the mifery of 

 civil diffention ? What a tale the following of the fudden 

 viciffitude of hatred to love, between contending families ? 

 Margaret, one of the daughters, and coheirefs, of fir Robert 

 Mavelton, gave her hand to fir William, foil of the knight 

 flain by her father, and with her perfon and fortune com- 

 penfated the injury done by her houfe to that of Handfacre." 



About two miles to the north-welt of Rudgeley, clofe 

 to the river Trent, Hand the church and village of Colwich. 

 The firft is very ancient, and is prebendal to the cathedral 

 of Lichfield. Here are feveral tombs in memory of the 

 Anfons, anceltors of the prefent lord Anfon ; alfo of the 

 Wolfelys, proprietors of Wolfely park, which is fituated 

 on the fouthern bank of the Trent, and difplays much fine and 

 picturefque fcenery. Cannock chace, which extends to the 

 fouthward, and contains an area of nearly forty miles fquare, 

 was formerly a foreft, but has been long ftripped of its 

 foliage, and is now a heathy wafte, only remarkable for the 

 extenfive profpeCts it affords, and for its richnefs in coal- 

 mines. On its eaftern boundary is Beaudefert park, the 

 princely feat of the earl of Uxbridge, which is placed on 

 the declivity of a lofty doping eminence, fheltered on all 

 fides by " beautiful rifing grounds, embofomed with trees, 

 and commanding in front, over the tops of far fubjacent 

 woods, a moft extenfive and diverfified view ; fo that it well 

 vindicates the propriety of its name." The houfe was 

 erected in the reign of queen Elizabeth, by Thomas, fecond 

 lord Paget. It is a handfome ftructure of ftone, built in 

 the form of a half H, and has been of late years greatly 

 improved by its noble owner. On the fummit of the hill 

 on which it is fituated, may be feen the remains of an ancient 

 Britiih poft, called Caftle-hill. It is formed by two deep 

 ditches, and an immenfe rampart, and has one entrance on 

 the eaft and another on the weft. Near the bafe of the hill 

 on its eaft fide, ftands the village of Fairwell, the church 

 of which was formerly attached to a priory of Benedictine 

 nuns. Originally it was the property of canons regular, or 

 hermits, but at the requeft of feveral of the brethren it was 

 beftowed on the nunnery in 1140, by Roger de Clinton, 

 bifhop of Lichfield, who further endowed it with confider- 

 able poflefiioiis. King Henry II. was likewife a great be- 

 nefactor to this fociety. Pennant's Journey from Chefter 

 to London, 4to. Lond. 1782. The Hiftory and Antiqui- 

 ties of Staffordlhire, &c. by the Rev. Stcbbing Shaw, B. D. 

 F. S. A. vol. i. fol. Lond. 1798. 



RUDHAN, a town of Perfia, in the province of Kerman; 

 60 miles N.W. of Sirgian. 



RUDI- 



