RUD 



R U D 



RUDIARIUS, in Antiquity, a veteran gladiator, who 

 had got a difcharge from the fervice. 



He was thus called, becaufe, as a mark of difmifiion, a 

 rod was put into his hands, called rudis ; which fee. 



The rudiarii were alfo called JpcBatores. 



RUDIMENTS, Rudimexta, the firft principles, or 

 grounds, of any art or fcience, called alfo the elements 

 thereof. 



RUDIS, a knotty, rugged Hick, which the prsetor, 

 among the Romans, gave the gladiators, as a mark of their 

 ' >m and difmifiion. 



The rudis feems to have been bellowed both on (laves and 

 freedmen ; with this difference, that it procured for the former 

 no more than a difcharge from any farther performance in 

 public, upon which they commonly turned lantfls, fpending 

 their time in training up young fencers ; but the latter, who 

 had hired themlelves out for thefe fliows, were reilored 

 to a full enjoyment of their liberty. Kennet, Rom. Ant. 

 p. 280. 



Henc: the Latin phrafe, rude donare, to make a gla- 

 diator free, to difcharge him from fighting any more. 

 They were hence called rudiarii, and had a cuftom of hang- 

 ing up their arms in the temple of Hercules, the patron of 

 their profeffion, and were never called out again without their 

 confent. 



RUDISHEIM, in Geography, a town of Germany, in 

 the Rhingau, celebrated for its wine; 19 miles W. of 

 Mentz. 



RUDKIOPING, a fea-port town of Denmark, on the 

 W. coaft of the ifland of Langeland, and the only town in 

 the ifland ; the inhabitants carry on a confiderable trade in 

 corn and provifions. N. lat. 54 37'. E. long. io°45'. 



RUDMAS Day, in our Old Writers, the feaft of the 

 Holy Crofs. There are two of thofe feafts, one on the 

 third of May, being the Invention of the Crofs ; and the 

 other the fourteenth of September, called Holy Rood-day, 

 and is the Exaltation of the Crofs. 



The word is compounded of the Saxon rode, i. e. crux, 

 and mafs-day, i. e. feaft-day. 



RUDNA, in Geography, a town of Hungary; 12 miles 

 N.N.W. of Kemnit/. 



RUDNIK, a town of Servia ; 40 miles N.N.E. of 

 Jenibafar. 



RUDNIKI, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of 

 Wilna ; 15 miles S.S.W. of Wilna. 



RUDNIKZA, atownof European Turkey, in Servia; 

 46 miles S. of Belgrade. 



RUDOLFSOWITZ, a rni : : he lordfhip 



of Plefz, on the Biela; three miles S.E. of Plefz. 



RUDOLFSTEIN, a town of Germany, in the princi- 

 pality of Culmbach ; five miles N.W. of Hof. 



RUDOLFWERTH, Neustadtein, or Novomejlo, 

 a town of Auftria, in the duchy of t . , fituated on 



the Gurk, and founded in the year 13^5, by the Auftrian 

 archduke Rodolph IV. privileged, and called after his own 

 name. It has a provolMhip or collegiate church, eredted 

 in the year 1509, four 01 and two convents. 



By incurfions of the Turks in the fifteenth ami fixti 

 centuries, fucceffive tires, and th 'his town 



been very much reduced From its former flourifhing condi- 

 tion ; 44 miles S.S.W. of Pettau. N. lat. 45 52'. E. 

 long. 15-41'. 



RUDOLPHIA, in Botany, a lied by Will 



denow, in the Tranfa&ions of the Soc ii rata- 



forum at Berlin, v. 3. 151, is named in honour of Charles 

 Afmund Rudolph, a German phyfician, 1 lome 



botanical obfervations. Such at lcaft is the account of 1> 



Theis, taken probably from the above publication, which 

 we have not feen. The genus may alfo ferve as a memorial of 

 John Henry Rudolph, author of an inaugural differtation 

 on fuch plants of the Flora Jenenfis, as belong to the Poly- 

 andria Alonogynia of Linnaeus ; lee Dryandr. Bill. Banks. 



v. 3. 161 Willd. Sp. PL v. 3.918. Poiret in Lamarck 



Diet. v. 6. 331. — Clafs and order, Diadelphia Decandria. 

 Nat. Ord. Papilionacex, Linn. Leguminofa, .lull. 



Ed. Ch. Calyx two-lipped. Standard of the corolla 

 very long, lanceolate. Stamens all connected. Legume 

 flat, with many feeds. 



1. R. volubilis. Twining Rudolphia. Willd. n. 1. — 

 " Leaves ovate, pointed ; heart-fhaped at the bale, and 

 fomewhat peltate." — Native of very lofty mountains, in the 

 Weft Indian ifland of Porto Rico. The Jlem is fhrubby, 

 without prickles, twining up the trunks of tree» ; its b^rk 

 black and warty ; the young branches downy. Leaves 

 fimple, alternate, llalked, rigid, entire ; mining on the 

 upper fide ; downy when young. Foolftalks with two joints, 

 channelled between them, on the upper fide. Cluflers fcat- 

 tered, thrice the length of the leaves. Flower -Jlalks three 

 together. Flowers fcarlet. IVilldenow. 



2. R. peltata. Peltate Rudolphia. Willd. n. 2. (Ery- 

 thrina planililiqua ; Linn. Sp. PI. 993. Corallodendron 

 folio fingulari oblongo, liliqua plana ; Plum. Ic. 92. t. 102. 

 f. I.) — Leaves oblong-lanceolate, fomewhat heart-fhaped, 

 peltate. — Native of Hifpaniola. Willdenow afferts this to 

 be diftindt from the foregoing. The common Jlower-Jlalk, 

 as reprefented by Plumier, is a foot and half long, racemofe 

 at the extremity. 



M. Poiret reduces to this genus the Butea of Koenig, 

 and we heartily wifh we could follow him, in order to get 

 rid ot a name fo abfurd and reprehenlible in its original ap- 

 plication ; fee Plaso and Butea. We fear however that 

 neither the character of the legumes, nor the habits of the 

 plants, will fupport fuch a mcafure. 



RUDOLPHINE Tables. See Catalogue of the 

 Stars. 



RUDOLSTADT, or Rudelstadt, in Geography, a 

 town of Germany, in the county of Schwartzburg Rudol- 

 fladt, from which a branch of the houfe of Schwartzburg 

 deri/es its title, fituated on the Saal ; 24 miles S.E. of 

 Erfurt. N. lat. 5! 40'. E. long. 1 1° 19'. 



RUDRA, in Mythology, a name of the Hindoo deity 

 Siva. In fome of their theogonical books, Siva, in the 

 form of Rudra, is made to fpring from a wrinkle in the 

 forehead of Brahma, with five heads and ten arms, as he is re- 

 prefented in the plates of the Hindoo Pantheon. When five- 

 i J, he is named Pancha-muki. (See that article. ) Rudra 

 is i;:id to have thus fprung into a new form, to enable Brahma 

 to people the world with fuitable inhabitants ; his earlier 

 efforts having been productive of a refractory race. (See 

 Muni.) The name of Rudra is generally applicable to Siva, 

 in his character of Fate and Defliny, and of Time. Under 

 the article Mahakala he is called Kal-Agni-Rudra, in- 

 terpreted Time, Fire, Fate, and defignative of hi. dellruc- 

 tive energies. (See Kai.-agni-kudra.) In the Inftituti 

 Menu, (fee Menu,) the "eleven Rudras" are mentioned, 

 but it lias not been explained what that number efpecially 

 adverts to. Rudra is underllood to be the deity of pregnant 

 women, as is his confort, known aslueh in her charaa 

 Rudri, or Rudrani. (See RuDRANI.) He is alio called the 

 god of tears and lamentation : Inn the 



lord of punifhment, and thereby culling thefe reHilts. 

 tunes lie is called Maha Rudra, or the great Rudra. 

 Tin occurs in an extract in the article K.A.M \. 



RUDRANI, or Rudki, is a name and form of the 



goddefs 



