R U F 



R U G 



finus, dreading his approach, procured an order from Ar- 

 cadius for the Eaftern forces to feparate from Stilicho and 

 march to Conftantinople. The general did not venture to 

 difobey, and placed them under the command of Gainas, 

 the Goth, with whom he had concerted his plan. The army 

 arrived before the capital of the Eaft, in November 39J, 

 and the emperor, with Rufinus, went out to meet it. At the 

 diftance of a mile from the capital, in the field of Mars, the 

 troops halted. Arcadius and his minilter advanced, accord- 

 ing to an ancient cuilom, refpettfully to falute the power 

 that fupported the throne. Rufinus expetted that his par- 

 tizans would take that opportunity of proclaiming him em- 

 peror, and had actually prepared the purple robe, diadem, 

 and roval donative for the occafion. By the direction of 

 Gainas, however, the wings wheeled round and inclofed 

 their viftim, and upon a fignal given, a foldier plunged his 

 fword into his breaft. Rufinus fell, groaned, and expired 

 at the feet of the affrighted emperor. His mangled body 

 was abandoned to the brutal fury of the populace of both 

 fexes, who haftened in crowds, from every quarter of the 

 city, to trample on the remains of the haughty minifter, at 

 whofe frown they had fo lately trembled. His right hand 

 was cut off and carried through the ftreets of Conftan- 

 tinople, in mockery, to extort the contributions for the 

 avaricious tyrant, whofe head was publicly expofed, borne 

 aloft on the point of a long lance. According to the 

 ravage maxims of the Greek republics, his innocent family 

 would have fhared the punifhment of his crimes ; but they 

 fortunately took refuge in a fan&uary, which protected 

 them from the raging madnefs of the people, and they were 

 permitted to fpend the remainder of their lives in the exer- 

 cifes of Chriflian devotions, as they were called, in the 

 peaceful retirement of Jerufalem. 



Rufinus is faid to have been well verfed in elegant litera- 

 ture, yet a poet has been the bittereft foe to his memory. 

 Claudian has made him the/ubjeft of two books of invec- 

 tives, probably for the purpofe of ingratiating himfelf with 

 Stilicho, the avowed enemy ot Rufinus. Univer. Hift. 

 Gibbon, vol. v. 



RUFISCO, in Geography, a town of Africa, in the 

 kingdom of Kayor, fituated on the fea-coaft. Its name is 

 a corruption of " Rio-frefco," its Portuguefe appellation. 

 It contains about 300 houfes, and the inhabitants carry on 

 a confiderable trade with Europeans in flaves, (kins, gum, 

 ivory, oftrich feathers, cotton, indigo, &c. ; 60 miles 

 W.N.W. of Amboul. 



RUFS, a town of PrufTian Lithuania ; 20 miles N.W. 

 of Tilfit. 



RUFTER-HOOD, a.;;ong Falconers, a plain leathern 

 hood, large and open behind, to be worn by a hawk when 

 (lie is firft drawn. 



RUFUMBA, in Geography, a town of Mombique, on 

 the Suabo. S. lat. 6° 25'. E. long. 35' 30'. 



RUFUS, the Ephefian, in Biography, a phyfician and 

 anatomilt of confiderable eminence, in the reign of the em- 

 peror Trajan, was apparently entitled to the reputation 

 which he obtained by his extenfive knowledge and expe- 

 rience. Galen elteemed him one of the moft able of the 

 phyficians who had preceded him. Rufus appears to have 

 cultivated anatomy, by difiecling brutes, with great zeal 

 and fuccefs. He traced the origin of the nerves in the 

 hrain, and confidered fome of them as contributing to 

 motion, and others to fenfation. He even obfcrved the 

 capfule of the cryltalline lens in the eye. He confidered 

 the heart as the feat of life, and of thr animal heat, and as 

 the origin of the pulfe, which he afcribed to the fp'trit of its 

 left ventricle and of the arteries ; and he remarked the 



difference in the capacity and thicknefs of the two ventricles. 

 He deemed the fpleen .to be a very ufelefs vifcus, and hi* 

 fucceflors have never difcovered its ufe. He examined verv 

 fully the organs of generation, and the kidnies and bladder ; 

 he has left, indeed, a very refpeftable treatife on the difeafes 

 of the urinary organs, and the methods of cure. He alfo 

 wrote a good work on purgative medicines, mentioning their 

 different qualities, the countries from which they were ob- 

 tained ; and a little treatife on the names given by the Greek? 

 to the different parts of the body. Galen affirms alfo that 

 Rufus was the author of an effay on the materia medica. 

 written in verfe ; and Suidas mentions a treatife of his on 

 the atra bilis, with fome other efTays ; but thefe are loft 

 See Sprengel, Gefchichte der Arzneikumle, 2 theil, p. 63 : 

 and Le Clerc, Hiftoire de la Medecine, part iii. p. 104. 



RUFUVEILLE, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Channel ; nine miles W. of Mortain. 



RUGBY, a fmall market-town and parifh in the hun- 

 dred of Knightlow, and county of Warwick, England, is 

 fituated at the diitanceof 19 miles E.N.E. from Warwick, 

 12 miles E. from Coventry, and %\\ miles N.W. by N. 

 from London. This place is called Rocheberie in Domef- 

 day-book, as Dugdale conjectures, from the word Roche, 

 fignifying a rock, or quarry of Hone, and Berie, a court, 

 or habitation of note. Hence it has been fuppofed to have 

 been a town of importance in early Saxon times, but the 

 records of its remote hiftory have entirely perifhed. After 

 the Conqueft it formed part of the pofleffions of Turchil de 

 Warwick, from whom it was held by one Eddulfus, whofe 

 pofterity continued to enjoy it till the reign of Edward I., 

 when it was conveyed, by marriage, to the family of Go- 

 band, from whom it pafl'ed to the barons of Stafford. The 

 fituation of Rugby is lofty, and commands an extenfive 

 view over the adjacent country. The houfes are difpofed in 

 the moft irregular manner, and are, in general, conftruCled 

 ot wood. Here is a charity fchool, founded and endowed 

 for the education of thirty boys, by Richard Elborow, efq. ; 

 alfo a grammar-fchool, which was founded by Laurence 

 Sheriff, efq., in the ninth year of the reign of queen Eli- 

 zabeth. The latter is a very important eftablifhment, and 

 is under the direction of twelve truftees, who are appointed 

 from among the nobility and principal gentry of the county. 

 By judicious management the property of this fchool, 

 though originally triflirg, has become extremely valuable, 

 yielding a rent of 2000/. per annum, and when the prefent 

 leafes (hall expire, the rent will doubtlefs be confiderably in- 

 creafed. The truitees hold regular meetings for the tranf- 

 aftion of bufinefs ; and in Auguft an annual examination of 

 the pupils takes place before them. There are fourteen ex- 

 hibitioners fent from this fchool to the univerfities, each of 

 whom is allowed 40/. a-year. When vacancies occur, they 

 are filled up at the annual examinations, which are attended 

 by a member from both univerfities, appointed for the pur- 

 pofe by the vice-chancellor. The fcholars at prefent amount 

 to about 330 in number, of whom jo are on the foundation. 

 The old buildings of this fchool having been found un- 

 fuitable to its extended condition from the period of their 

 ere&ion, a new ftrufture has been raifed nearly on the fame 

 fcite, fince the year 1808. This edifice is built in the ftyle 

 of architecture prevalent in the reign of queen Elizabeth, 

 when the fchool was founded, and is admirably adapted to 

 the purpofes for which it W3S erefted. It is compofed of 

 white brick, but the angles, cornices, and dreffings to the 

 windows and entrances, are of ftone. The principal front 

 extends 220 feet in length, and has a tower gateway in the 

 centre, which leads into the principal court, a fine area 90 

 feet long, by 75 wide, with a plain cloilter on three fides. 



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