ft U L 



K U L 



variety of their ihape, exprefled in the fpecific chara&er, 

 and which is admirably fhewn in Jacquin's figure. Flowers 

 hi umbel-like corymbs, of a pale red or crimfon colour, 

 with deep red claws. The name of tliis is by miltake en- 

 graved R. divcrffolia, inftead of variabilis in Jacquin's 

 plate. 



In Commerfon's MSS. this genus was called Kcenigia. 



RUKHADORFF, in Geography, a town of Auftria ; 

 four miles N.N.E. of Sonneberg. 



RUKI, a town of Mingreha, in which the palace of 

 the prince is furrounded with a thick wall, feated on a 

 river which runs into the Black fea ; 200 miles W. of 

 Teflis. 



RUKKIA, in Zoology, a name given by fome to 1 pecu- 

 liar kind of fquirrel, found in the ifland of Ceylon. 



RUKMENI, in Hindoo Mythology, is the name of one 

 of the wives of Krifhna, who being an incarnation of Vifhnu, 

 his heavenly confort Lakfhmi, is reprcfented to have alfo 

 defcended in this form of Rukmeni to accompany him. 

 In many authorities (he appears to be the fame perfon as 

 Radha, Krifhna's favourite wife : but others make a dif- 

 ference, dating that Rukmeni was his legal worldly wife, 

 and that Radha is a perfonification of religion. Others 

 again fay, that Rukmeni was the fpiritual fpoufe. If, 

 however, it be admitted, that fuch a perfon as Krifhna 

 ever exifted, we may farther admit, that he had a plurality 

 of wives, and that the two women in queition were among 

 them. A liit of his wives, eight in number, will be found 

 under Krishna. Rukmeni is ufually the firft on the lift. 

 She is faid to have been the daughter of a Raja Bhifhmaka ; 

 and another of her names is Kantamati. On the death of 

 Kriftina, Rukmeni, with feveral others of his wives, burnt 

 themfelves, in view to an immediate reunion with their lord 

 in Vaikontha, the paradife of Vifhnu. This felf-immola- 

 tion is called Salt ; and under that article fome account is 

 given of it. Rukmeni is related to have borne a fon to 

 Krifhna, of whom very frequent mention is made in Hindoo 

 writings, being no other indeed than Kama, the god of 

 love, incarnated in the perfon of their fon Pradyamna. As 

 the mother of the Hindoo Cupid, we here find Lakfhmi 

 (recollecting that Rukmeni is that goddefs in another form) 

 correfponding, as in manv other inftances, with the Venus 

 of Weftern mythologifts. See Kama, Lakshmi, Pra- 

 dyamna, and Reti, for farther notice of thefe fables. 

 Under Krishna, Radha, and Vaikontha, will alfo be 

 found fome particulars connected with the fubje&s of this 

 article. It may be farther noticed, that in temples dedi- 

 cated to the worfhip of Krifhna, ftatues of Rukmeni are 

 commonly feen. Cafts, faid to be of her, are alfo common. 

 In other avataras, or defcents of Vifhnu, his confort is faid 

 to have accompanied him under the name of Rukmeni. See 

 hereon under "VVittoba. 



RULE, or Ruler, Regula, a very fimple inftrument, 

 erdinarily of hard wood, thin, narrow, and ftraight, ferv- 

 ing to direct the drawing of right lines. 



The rule is of principal ufe in all the mechanical arts. 



To prove whether or no it be juft, draw a line by it on 

 paper ; then turn the rule about, the right end to the left, 

 and apply the fame edge this way to the line ; if the edge 

 now agree exa&ly with the line, the ruler is true. 



Defmarets has a fine poem on the amours of the rule and 

 compafs. The ftone-cutters' rule is ufually four feet long, 

 and divided into feet and inches. 



The mafons' rule is twelve or fifteen feet long, and is 

 applied under the level to regulate the courfes, to make the 

 piedroits equal, &c. 



Rule, Parallel, or Ruler. See Parallel. 



Rule is alfo applied to certain inftruments which have 

 other confiderable ufes befides that of drawing lines. Such 

 are the carpenters' joint-rule, Everard's and Coggefhall's 

 fliding-rules, &c. 



Rule, Carpenters' joint, is an inftrument ufually of box, 

 24 inches long, and \\ broad, each inch being fubdivided 

 into eight parts. On the fame fide with thefe divifions is 

 ufually added Gunter's line of numbers. 



On the other fide are the lines of timber and board- 

 meafure, the firft beginning at 8^, and continued to 36, 

 near the other end ; the latter is numbered from 7 to 36, 

 4 inches from the other end. (PlateVl. Surveying, Jig. 14.) 

 The divifion of the timber-line is formed from a confe- 

 deration, that 1728 inches make a lolid foot, in the fol- 

 lowing manner : thus, 9 is fo placed againft one of the 

 divifions of inches, or parts on the other fide of the rule, 

 beginning from the right hand, that its fquare, which 

 is 81 inches, multiplied by that number of inches and parts, 

 muft make 1728 inches; which, dividing 1728 by 81, muft 

 be placed againft 214 from the right hand; and 10 muft be 

 placed againft 1 7-tW inches ; becaufe 1728 divided by the 

 fquare of 10 or 1 co, gives 17-™',, &c. But becaufe a fquare 

 whofe fide is 1,2, &c. to 8 inches, requires more than 24 

 inches in length, as a multiplier, in order to produce 1728 

 inches ; and lince the length of the rule is only 24 inches, there 

 is a table upon the left end of it, which fupplies its defeft 

 of length. In this table the upper row of figure?, viz. 

 I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, denotes inches, or the lengths 

 of the fides of fquares ; and the fecond and third rows 

 are the correfpondent feet and inches to make up a folid 

 foot. It is made by dividing 144 inches by the fquares of 

 i) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. 



The line of board-meafure is thus divided : fuppofe the 

 divifion 7 to be marked ; divide 144, the number of inches 

 in a fquare foot, by 7, and the quotient will be 2o4 inches ; 

 whence the divifion 7 muft be againft 20i inches on the 

 other fide of the rule. To mark the divifion 8, divide 144 

 by 8, and the quotient, which is 18 inches, muft be placed 

 on the line of board-meafure againft 18 inches on the 

 other fide, &c. But becaufe the fide of a long fquare, 

 that is, I, 2, 3, 4, 5 inches, requires the other fide to be 

 more than 24 inches, the whole length of the rule ; there 

 is a table annexed, formed by dividing 144 inches by each 

 of the numbers in the upper row, and then each of the 

 quotients by 12, to reduce them into feet. 



Rule, ufe of the carpenters' joint. The application of 

 the inches in meafuring lengths, breadths, &c. is obvious. 

 That of the Gunter's line, fee under Gunter's Line. 

 The ufe of the other fide is all we need here illuftrate. 



1 . The breadth of any furface, as hoard, glafs, &c. being 

 given, to find hotu much in length makes a fquare foot. — Find 

 the number of inches the furface is broad, in the line of 

 board-meafure, and right againft it, on the inches fide, is 

 the number of inches required. Thus, if the furface were 

 8 inches broad, 18 inches will be found to make a fuper- 

 ficial foot. 



Or, more readily, thus. Apply the rule to the brsadth 

 of the board or glafs, that end marked 36 being even 

 with the edge ; the other edge of the furface will fhew 

 the inches and quarters of inches which go to a fquare foot. 



To find the content of a given furface. Find the breadth, 

 and how much makes one foot ; then turn that over as 

 many times as you can upon the length of the furface, and 

 fo many feet does the furface contain. 



2. Ufe of the table at the end of the board-meafure. If a 

 furface be one inch broad, how many inches long will make 

 a fuperficial foot ? Look in the upper row of figures for 



7 I inch, 



