R U P 



RUP 



RUPELA, in Geography, a town of European Turkey, 

 in the Morea ; 1 2 miles S. W. of Corinth. 



RUPELLENSIS Sal, Rochtlle Salt, in Chemiftry, a 

 name given to a peculiar fait, invented by M. Seignette, 

 apothecary, at Rochelle, and extolled as a very valuable 

 medicine. 



The preparation of it was kept a great fecret, till Meflrs. 

 Boulduc and Geoffroy difcovered and publifhed its com- 

 pofition. 



To prepare this fait, cryftals of marine alkali are to be 

 didolved in hot water, and into this liquor powdered cream 

 of tartar is to be thrown. When the effervefcence ceafes, 

 more cream of tartar is to be added, till the liquor is fa- 

 turated ; it is then to be filtered and evaporated ; and very 

 fine and large cryftals may be obtained by cold, each of 

 which is the half of a polygonous prifm cut in the direction 

 of its axis. 



The crydallization of this fait, according to M. Baumc, 

 as well as of the vegetable fait, is much more eafy and more 

 beautiful, when the liquor, in which it is made, contains an 

 excels of alkali, which does not prevent the fait from being 

 exactly neutral, after it has been well drained. 



The fait of Seignette has a faline tatte, moderately ftrong, 

 and diiagreeable. It retains much water in its cryftalliza- 

 tion, is foluble in a lefs quantity of hot water than of cold 

 water, and becomes farinaceous in a dry air. 



This fait is ufed only in medicine ; being a good purga- 

 tive, when taken from an ounce to an ounce and a half. It 

 is didolved in pure water, or in ptifans and mineral waters, 

 to render them purgative. It is alfo given in fmall dofes 

 of one or two drachms, as an alterative, aperitive, and cor- 

 rector of other purgatives. But, upon the whole, it does 

 not differ much from ordinary foluble tartar. This is now 

 known under the name of " tartrate of potafs and foda," 

 &c. &c. See SodA. 



RUPELMONDE, in Geography, a town of France, in 

 the department of the Two Nethes, at the union of the 

 Ruppel and the Scheldt ; 8 miles S.S.W. of Antwerp. 



RUPENDA, a country of Africa, W. of Mocaranga. 



RUPERSBACH, a town of Bavaria, in the principality 

 of Aichltadt ; 3 miles N.W. of Aichftadt. 



RUPERSDORF, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 

 Konigingratz ; 4 miles N.N.W. of Branau. 



RUPERT, Prince, in Biography, third foil of Frederic, 

 elector palatine of the Rhine, and Elizabeth, daughter of 

 James I., and he was, confequently, nephew to king 

 Charles I., was born in the year 1619. His education, 

 like that of mod German princes, efpecially the younger 

 brothers, qualified him for arms, and he was loon difcovered 

 to be extremely well fitted in refpect to natural abilities, 

 and acquired accomplishments for a great commander. In 

 his thirteenth year he accompanied the prince of Orange to 

 the fiege of Rlmiberg, and In greatly diltinguiflied himfelf, 

 that at the age of eighteen he was entruited with the com- 

 mand of a regiment of cavalry. He was taken prifoner in 

 the following year by the Imperialills, who detained him 

 a conGderable time. Having obtained his liberty, upon 

 the ruin of the houfe- pnl.it me in Germany, he came to 

 England with his brother Maurice in 1642, and offered his 

 fervices to their relation Charles I., between whom and 

 the parliament, war had jull commenced. Through the 

 whole war lie behaved with great intrepidity ; and on many 

 occafion6 his exertions were attended with very extraor- 

 dinary luccefs. Almoft at the outlet of the biiiinel;; he was 

 placed at the head of a body of horfe, with which he 

 immediately routed a part of lord Effex's cavalry, and 

 tltablifhtd his chara&cr for fpirit and entcrprilc. At the 



fubfequent fight at Edge-Hill he commanded the right 

 wing of the royalids, with which he drove out of the field 

 the parliament horfe ; but, by an incautious purfuit, the 

 king's, infantry were left expofed, and fuffered feverely, fo 

 that the refult was a drawn battle. In the next he pro- 

 ceeded into the weft to join the Cornidi royalids : and after- 

 wards he undertook the fiege of Brilfol, which city he car- 

 ried by allault. He was prefent at the battle of Newbery, 

 where he broke the enemy's horfe ; but was repulled in his 

 charge on their foot. The king, on account of his great 

 fervices, advanced him to the dignity of a peer of England, 

 by the title of earl of Holdernede, and duke of Cumber- 

 land. In 1644 he relieved Newark, befieged by the par- 

 liamentarians ; after which, having collected a coufiderable 

 force, he marched againft the earl of Manchefter, then in- 

 verting York, and made a jun&ion with the marquis of 

 Newcaftle. Contrary to the advice of that nobleman, he 

 engaged the parliament army in a pitched battle at Marrton- 

 Moor, and placed himfelf in the right wing. He was 

 there oppofed by Cromwell, and in the conflict prince 

 Rupert's cavalry was put to flight. The final iflue was a 

 defeat of the royalids, which was, in fadt, the commence- 

 ment of the misfortunes that thenceforth attended the 

 king's arms. In this aclion the courage of prince Rupert 

 was lignally difplayed ; but his precipitation, and want of 

 attention to the marquis of Newcadle, were very much 

 cenfured ; he, however, redeemed his character by fome 

 lpirited fervices which he performed between this and the 

 battle of Nafeby, in which he took a mod didinguifhed part. 

 He commanded in the right wing ; and by the impetuofity 

 of his charge he defeated the parliament's left, under the com- 

 mand of Ireton ; but committing his ufual tault of purfuing 

 inconfiderately, the battle was loft before he could return to 

 reltore order. After this event, he withdrew towards the 

 welt, and threw himfelf into the city of Briilol. That 

 important place, thus garrifoned, was expefted to make 

 a vigorous defence ; but the prince feems to have lolt 

 himfelf on this occafion, and furrendered the city to Fairfax 

 before a clofe attack was made. The king was fo indig- 

 nant at his conduit, that he recalled all his commiffions, 

 informing him he could thenceforward difpcnle with his 

 fervices. 



When a part of the Englifli navy, in 1648, went over 

 to Charles II., it was placed under the command of prince 

 Rupert, who attempted, in vain, the relief of fomc maritime 

 towns and fortrefles, attacked by the republicans. He 

 then carried on a predatory war, by which the Englifli 

 trade in the weftern feas was fo much annoyed, that ad- 

 miral Blake was Cent with a fquadron in purfuit of him. 

 He took fhelter in Kinfale, whence he efcaped to Portugal, 

 and was protcfted from his purfuer. He, however, loft a 

 great part of his fleet on the coaft of Spain, and with the 

 remainder failed to the Well India lllands, where, for fome 

 time, he fupported himfelf by making prizes of Spanifh 

 and Englifh (hips. His brother, prince Maurice, who 

 commanded a feparate fquadron, being fhipwrecked among 

 the illands, Rupert failed to France, where he difpofed of 

 his prizes and mips, and joined Charles at the French court. 

 Between this period and the redoration he occupied himfelf 

 with thofe dudies which afterwards rendered him celebrated 

 in the annals of lcicnce, and to which we (hall have occa- 

 fion to refer at the conclulion of this article. 



On the king's reftoration, prince Rupert was invited into 

 England, where the king, who had a linccre afledionfor him, 

 gave him various offices worthy of his high birth. In 1666 

 tin- king entruited him, in conjunction with the earl ol 

 Albemarle, to cqmmand the fleet, and he foon manifefted 

 4Y 2 nil 



