R U R 



R U It 



be fairly tried. But no modern praftice feems to warrant 

 the above-mentioned author's recommendation of it. 



RUPUTTY, in Geography, a town of Hindooitan, in 

 Bahar ; 12 miles E. of Chuprah. N. lat. 25° 44'. E. 

 long. 85 11'. 



RURAL, or Rustic, formed of rus, ruris, country, 

 fomething that relates to the country. 



Rural Dean, in the Ancient Church. Sec DeAN. 

 Rural Economy, a term which comprehends the amelio- 

 ration and improvement of the landed and different other pro- 

 perty, habits, and cufloms of a country, in whatever way 

 or by whatever means of a rural nature they may be capable 

 of being accomplished, as, whether in the laying out, in- 

 clofing, and cultivating the ground, or in the management 

 of the different practices, operations, and procefles which 

 have a relation to it, or to its produce, the regulation of the 

 various kinds of labour which attends them, as well as that 

 of the fale of the different articles of proviiions which are 

 raifcd from it in the feveral fairs and markets, and the provifion 

 of a variety of fubitances which are neceflary for ufe as 

 fuel, as well as for many other purpofes of the rural kind. 

 In thefe views, the bettering of the condition of different forts 

 of land, by the particular modes and practices of hufbandry 

 which have been lately difcovered, are of very great im- 

 portance, as well as the improved management in feeding 

 animals, dairying, and making a great number of other 

 articles, and the working of different forts of quarries and 

 pits for the raifing of materials which are ufeful in 

 various rural intentions, befidea thofe of being confumed 

 as fuel. 



There are many other kinds of works, eftablifhments, and 

 conftruftions which are partly of this nature, and which 

 contribute in no fmall degree to the general improvement 

 and advantage of a country, fuch as thofe of roads, fo far 

 as the ftate, form, and convenience of them are beneficial 

 in this way ; the conltruftion of convenient railways for the 

 more ready conveyance of weighty articles of (late, coal, 

 and other kinds of produce ; the formation of canals, and 

 the widening and altering of rivers, for the benefit of water- 

 carriage for different bulky matters ; and the raifing of 

 embankments againll the fea, or large rivers, for the better 

 cultivation, protection, and acquifition of land. To which 

 may be added, the cltablifhing of fifheries of different kinds, 

 and improving the management of them, as well as lome 

 other undertakings. 



The rural liabitn and practices of a country, which are 

 neceffarily either different at different times, in confe- 

 quence of the changes which are always taking place 

 in the circumllances and conditions of it, or fixed by the 

 hilly and mountainous nature of its furface, are conftantly 

 flow in their progrefs towards the ftate of amelioration 

 and perfection ; on which account, they and the indullry 

 of the rural population of a nation ought to be looked 

 upon and considered in refpeft to what they were formerly 

 at different periods of time, what they are now, and what 

 there is the probability of their becoming by the progrefs 

 of man in the ftate of fociety. 



In the infant date of a country, while its riches and re- 

 fources chiefly confiil in the number of herds and flocks 

 which it can fupport, the attention and exertion of the peo- 

 ple are, for the molt part, with much propriety, direi t >! 

 to the rearing, feeding, protection, and management of thefe 

 forts of live-flock. Afterwards, when the tillage fyllem be- 

 comes, in fome meafure, to be connefted and incorporate d 

 with the palloral ftate, there is a diviiion of their cares and 

 ' labours, between the cultivation of the foil for the raifing of 

 grain, and the attendance on their cattle, flocks, and Iherp 



flocks. And ultimately, when the benefits and numerous 

 advantages of commerce begin to be known and appreti- 

 ated, no fmall p3rt of them leave the cattle and the tillage 

 plan for that of trade, and the manufacturing of different 

 kinds of articles for its ufe and benefit. 



The hiftory of all nations, as well as that of the fame 

 nation at different periods of time, furnifhes numerous in- 

 flancesin proof of thefe progreflive flages of change in their 

 rural ftate. It is therefore a great abfurdity, as well as error, 

 to ftigmatize and reprobate the cuftoms and practices of a 

 people or country, in any one of fuch flages or changes of 

 their rural means, by the comparifon of thofe of another, as 

 the objeft of their induftry and application is widely different 

 at the different times, and confequently the tell by which 

 they ought to be judged of, mull be equally different. 

 Thus, the condemnation andreprehenlion of particular modes, 

 practices, and habits of the rural kind, from preconceived 

 notions peculiar to the fituation and way of life in which the 

 perfons have been themfelves placed, are highly prepofterous 

 and foolifh, as any one is well employed in purfuing an ufe- 

 ful and laudable occupation or undertaking with indullry 

 and perfeverance, whatever the nature of it may be, whether 

 it be that of tending and managing herd; and flocks, or 

 that of conducting fome other bufmefs, practice, or procefs, 

 each contributing to the convenience of the community, 

 however different their engagements may be, or the rank 

 which they hold in fociety. 



The praftice and cuftom of attending herds and flocks, 

 which prevailed in a certain flage ot fociety in all countries, 

 was more quickly departed from in cafes where the land was 

 fuitable for the purpofes of tillage than in other inftances ; 

 but moft fo on the fea-coafts and the banks of navigable 

 rivers. 



Improvements of this nature are always highly deferving 

 the attention and encouragement of the public, on ac- 

 count of the general influence which they have in promoting 

 and bettering the flate and condition of fociety ; as they 

 may be faid to embrace the mtroduftion of whatever is ufe- 

 ful and advantageous, as well as, in fome meafure, what is 

 ornamental, into a country. Thefe beneficial changes and 

 alterations are accomplifhed in a great variety of different 

 ways, and by a number of different methods, but princi- 

 pally by the difcovery of new means, the cultivation of 

 what has been formerly overlooked or neglefted, and by 

 having recourfc to fuperior and more enlightened modes of 

 management in the whole. In this manner a vafl increafe of 

 produce of different kinds, as well as of national wealth, may 

 be brought forth, and at the fame time much ornamental 

 effeft and convenience be produced. 



Rural Architecture, the nature of any fort of country 

 building, but principally thofe of the farm or agricultural 

 kind. See Farm. 



Rural Artificers, all thofe perfons who are employed in 

 the making of any fort of tool, implement, or machinery, 

 for the purpofe of agriculture, hufbandry, or any other 

 rural art or bufinefs. The excellencies or defefts of thefe 

 forts of workmen depend upon their ingenuity and know- 

 ledge of the nature of mcchanifm in general, or their defi- 

 ciency in both thefe refpefts. 



Wherever the conttruction of machinery has made any 

 confiderable progrefs, there is moft commonly a portion of 

 the fame 1 pint diffufing ltfelf among the rural artificers of 

 the fame neighbourhood ; but where this lias not happened, 

 the contrary is always the cafe. It is, however, of" vail im- 

 portance to the farmer and landed intereft in general to be 

 in pofleffion of, or capable of procuring, ingenious and 

 intelligent workmen of this delcription, as the progrcU 



and 



