RUSSIA. 



births, Unparallelled in the annals of political economy, 

 forms a charaaeriltic feature of the Ruffian empire ; and 

 fhews, that if the fame increafe of population mould pro- 

 ceed for 10 years, the number of Ruffian fubjeds will be 

 augmented by 5,000,000. It alfo appears, that upwards 

 of 23 boys were born to 20 girls, whereas 104 perfons 

 only of the former died to 100 of the latter ; and this 

 favourable proportion of the males to the females indicates 

 the military grandeur to which the Ruffian empire is capa- 

 ble of attaining ; unimpeded by fuch walteful wars as that 

 which has recently occurred. Moreover, it appears that 

 the mortality in common years throughout all the Ruffian 

 dominions is as 1 to 58 ; whence it may be calculated, 

 that the number of Ruffian fubjeds of the Greek church 

 would amount, exclufively of the inhabitants of the eparchy 

 of Bruzlaw, to 31,339,620 fouls. Adding to this number 

 the inhabitants of the new pofTeffions in Poland, which in 

 1795 contained 4,592,544 perfons, and about 5,000,000 

 of Ruffian fubjefts of various Chriftian fefts, and of the 

 Jewifh, Laman, and Schaman profeffions, the whole popu- 

 lation of the Ruffian empire will appear to amount to up- 

 wards of 40,000,000 of fouls. 



Progrefs of Population in Rujfta — The firft cenfus, namely 

 that in 1722, gave 5,794,928 males; which, admitting an 

 equal number of women, makes a population of 1 1,589,856 

 individuals. How much ought we to add for the new ac- 

 quifitions, in which the cenfus, or revifion, as it is termed 

 in Ruffia, did not take place ? 



According to Mr. Hermann, in his Statiftic Journal, 

 vol. i. part 2. p. 54, an enumeration made in Little Ruffia, 

 in 1768, gave 955,228 inhabitants; another made in Fin- 

 land, in 1755, gave 117,998; Eithonia, in 1773, had 

 176,000; Livonia, 447,360. All thefe make a fum total 

 of 1,696,586 perfons. Thefe enumerations, however, being 

 made 20, 30, 50 years after the firft revifion, it is pofiible 

 that the population may have increafed or diminifhed during 

 the interval. If we compare thefe data with the enumera- 

 tion made in 1805, we fhall find that Finland, in 49 years, 

 has gained 64,392 inhabitants; Eithonia, in 31 years, 

 36,948; and Livonia, 138,097: making a fum total of 

 239,437. The population in the provinces bordering the 

 Baltic, then, has gained about one-fourth during the latter 

 half of the 18th century. On comparing the population of 

 Little Ruffia, as above Hated, with that of the governments 

 of Tchernigof and Pultava, a furplus will be found, in 1804, 

 of 1,465,465 individuals above the enumeration of 1768. 

 According to this ttatement, the population has more than 

 doubled during the lail 50 years. This refult correfpends 

 very well with the obfervations made on the regifters of 

 births and deaths, that the progrefs of population is very 

 flow in the Baltic provinces, and very rapid in Little Ruffia. 

 It has gained of late, efpecially by the commerce of Odeffa ; 

 the price of land has rifen confiderably, and the fertile 

 fteppes have likewife been cultivated. 



Admitting the like proportion in the progrefs of popula- 

 tion in thefe provinces, during the former half of the 18th 

 century, which is certainly a great admiffion, we mult de- 

 duct from the above dated population of the Baltic pro- 

 vinces one-fourth, and there will remain 555,979 ; and one 

 half of the population of Little Ruffia in 1768, leaving 

 477,614. Agreeably to this ftatement, the population of 

 all the provinces acquired pofterior to 1722, may be efti- 

 mated at 1,033,533. 



It remains now to compute what may have been the 

 number of free perfons not included in the revifion. Seeing 

 that, at the lalt revifion of 1796, there were 16,000,000 of 

 males included in the lift of thofe who paid the regular 



obrok, for 1,000,000 that did not pay that tax, we n 1a 1 

 compute, that at the firft revifion, in which the number of 

 revifionaries was 5,000,000, there were 300,000 male free- 

 men, compoftng, together with their wives, the fum of 

 600,000. 



In conformity with thefe calculations, the probable po- 

 pulation of Ruffia, in 1722, will be, 



Revifionaries ... 11,589,859 

 Free individuals - 600,000 



Conquered provinces - - '.C33.533 



i3>«3»39 2 



Le Clerc, in his ElTay on the Population of Ruffia, 

 publifhed in 1777, ftates it at 14,000,000; Benedid 

 Francis John Hermann, at the fame ; which is probably 

 accurate. But when Voltaire reckons the population during 

 the laft years of Peter the Great at 18,000,000, lie con- 

 founds a later period with the era of that monarch. It ap- 

 pears to me, adds Mr. C. T. Hermann, that 14,000,000 

 would be the moll probable amount, if we confider the im- 

 perfection infeparable from a firft cenfus, and the uncer- 

 tainty of the calculations refpe&ing the newly conquered 

 provinces. 



The fecond revifion, in 1742, gives 6,673,167 males; 

 and, fuppofing a like number of females, we have 13,346,334 

 for the inhabitants of Ruffia at that time. To this mult be 

 added the conquered provinces, and the free individuals. 

 As we fubtrafted a fourth from the population of the 

 Baltic provinces in 1722, the dedudion of one-eighth will 

 fuffice for their population in 1742 ; the remainder is 

 648,689 : and, fubtrading a quarter from the population 

 of Little Ruffia in 1768, there remains 706,421 ; making 

 a total of 1,355,110 for the population of the conquered 

 provinces. The number of revifionaries having augmented 

 by 1,000,000 fince 1722, we mult increafe the number oi 

 freemen at leaft by 50,000, confidering the progrefs of in- 

 duftry, and the better regulations adopted by government. 

 The population, therefore, in 1742, will be, 



Revifionaries - - - I3>34 6 >334 

 Free individuals - 700,000 



Conquered provinces • - i>335> 110 



15,381,444 



Hermann admits for 1742 the round number of 

 16,000,000. This is a very probable eftimate, as the 

 enumerations in Ruffia are always below the mark. 



The third revifion, in 1762, gives 7,363,548 males, 

 which fuppofes a total of 14,727,096 individuals ; and, by 

 the proper ratio, we take the population of the conquered 

 provinces at 1,696,586. The revifionaries being nearly 

 one half what they are at prefent, we may compute the 

 fame to hold with the freemen, which would make their 

 number 400,000. The probable population, therefore, of 

 1 762 is as follows : 



Revifionaries 

 Free individuals - 

 Conquered provinces 



14,727,096 



300,000 



1,696,586 



16,723,68a 



Marfhal in 1768 and 1770, and Williams alfo in 1768, 

 admit 18,000,000; l'Eveque in 1782, and le Clerc m 

 1783, 19,000,000; Schlcetzer and Bufching, in 1765, 



f 000,000 : 



