RUSSIA. 



The quantity of money circulating in the empire in 1788, 

 is Hated as follows : 



Rubles. 



tn gold and filver coin .... 76,000,000 

 Copper coin --.-.- 54,000,000 

 Paper money ..... 100,000,000 



Total 



230,000,000 



Total 



Forces of the Ruffian Empire. — The Ruffian army confifts 

 partly of regular infantry and cavalry, and partly of irre- 

 gular troops. To the latter clafs belong the Kozaks or 

 Coflacks, who anfwer all the purpofes of regular huffars, 

 and have acquired great military reputation. The mod 

 ferviceable of this clafs of warriors are divided into thofe of 

 Ekaterinoflaf and thofe of the Euxine. It is impoffible, 

 from any documents before us, to afcertain the precife num- 

 ber of the Ruffian military ; but from a ftatement given by 

 Mr. Tooke from the college of war in the year 1791, 

 they amounted to about 600,000 men, of whom might be 

 reckoned at leaft 500,000 effeftive foldiers in adtual fervice. 

 Some authors have degraded the value of the Ruffian 

 foldiers, but from fomc late memorable exploits their cha- 

 racter muft have rifen in general cilimation. A circumltance 

 that diftinguifhes them is the fmall pay, on which they are 

 able to fubfift. Frederic II. pronounced them to be ex- 

 cellent foldiers. Accordingly it is faid, that the Ruffian 

 foldiers will not fall back one Hep, while his commander 

 bravely keeps his ground ; he contents himfelf with an ex- 

 tremely little pay, and with very flender diet, and is always 

 cheerful ; hungry and thirlly he traverfes the heavy lands of 

 the defarts under the load of his accoutrements, without 

 murmur or complaint ; executes every command ; reckons 

 nothing impoffible or too difficult ; doos every thing that 

 he is ordered to do without fhunning any danger ; and is in- 

 ventive of a thoufand means for accomplifhing his defign. 

 What may not be performed with fuch an army when led on 

 by experienced and valiant generals, in whom they have con- 

 fidence. Let the foldicr but fee that he is fpared as much 

 as poffible, he attaches himfelf with all his foul to his com- 

 mander, and performs almolt miracles. Well might the 

 emprefs denominate the Ruffians an obedient, brave, intrepid, 

 enterprifing, and powerful people. 



In general, it may be affirmed, that no army in Europe 

 colts fo little as the Ruffian, and that no foldiers in Europe 

 can fublilt on fo little pay as the Ruffian. For, what other 

 European foldiers will fubfift on an annual pay not amounting 

 to more than feven or eight rubles, or, when in garrifon, 

 only half that fum, and the allowance of grits and Hour 

 weighed out to him witli the utmolt nicety ? 



Concerning the pay of the officers, &c. it muft. be ob- 

 ferved, that the officers of the garrifon regiments in the 

 towns of the Baltic, have double the pay of other garrifon 



regiments ; that the officers of all marching regiments have 

 three times the pay of the officers of the regiments in the 

 provinces ; and that the private men in the guards have double 

 the pay of thofe in the marching regiments. A general 

 iield-marfhal is allowed, per annum, 7000 rubles, 200 rations, 

 valued at 1 140 rubles, and 16 denfhiks or fervants. 



Add together this fum, and the progreffive value of the 

 produdt, and there appears an annual political revenue of 

 530,000,000, or, to confine ourfelves to the loweit, of at 

 lealt 500,000,000 of rubles. The quantity of fpecie, from 

 the above-mentioned period, is faid to be every year 

 increafed : 



Rubles. 

 By money ftruck of Siberian gold and filver, 1 



about - - - - - :} '-7°o,ooo 



By foreign coinage of various forts - - 1,300,000 



By copper money ..... 2,000,000 



In the marching regiments a colonel is allowed yearly 600 

 rubles, for rations 96 rubles 90 kopeeks, and 6 denfhiks or 



fervants. 



5,000,000 



Rubles. 



A lieutenant-colonel 360 

 A major 

 A captain - 

 A lieutenant 

 A fecond lieutenant 

 An enfign - 

 A quarter-mafter 1 

 of a regiment J 

 An adjutant 



300 



180 



120 



84 



84 



84 



120 



Rub. 



For rations 62 



62 



28 



22 



17 



17 



22 



Kop. 

 70 

 70 



50 

 80 

 10 

 10 



80 



80 



Denfh. 

 4 



3 



2 

 1 



1 

 1 



A private man is allowed yearly 10 rubles 98 kopeeks, 

 befides three barrels of meal, a certain quantity of grid or 

 coarfe oatmeal, 24 pounds of fait, and flefh to the value of 

 72 kopeeks, all which articles are computed at 5 rubles 

 74 kopeeks. But 6 rubles 35 kopeeks are deducted from 

 the pay of every private man for clothing, medicines, flefh, 

 cartridges, and repairing of fire-locks. His whole clotlung 

 from head to foot coits near 12 rubles. 



The navy of Ruffia confifts of two fleets, diftinft from 

 each ether. The creator of the Ruffian fleet was the em- 

 peror Peter I. Before his reign armed veflels, much lefs 

 (hips of war, were not known in Ruffia ; but in confequence 

 of travelling into foreign countries, for the fake of inform- 

 ing himfelf concerning the belt; method of building fhips, 

 and with a view of introducing it into his empire, he railed 

 a maritime force, and caufed a fet of regulations to be 

 printed for the eltablifhment of a nary. The admiralty 

 is at Peterfburg, with a high admiral at the head of it. 

 According to the regulation of Peter I., the high ad- 

 miral has the rank and pay of a general field-marflial in 

 the army ; an admiral thofe of a general-in-chief ; a vice- 

 admiral thofe of a lieutenant-general; and a contre-admiral 

 thofe of a major-general. The captains in the navy were 

 divided by Peter I. into three claffes. At prefent, the cap- 

 tain-commander has the rank of a brigadier in the army ; 

 the captain of the lirlt clafs the rank of a colonel, and the 

 captain of the fecond clafs that of a lieutenant-colonel ; the 

 captain-lieutenant that of a premier-major ; the lieutenant that 

 of a captain in the army, and the midfhipman that of a lieu- 

 tenant. The pay of the high admiral per annum is 7000 

 rubles; that of an admiral, 3600; of a vice-admiral, 2160; 

 of a contre-admiral, 1800; of a captain-commander, 840; of 

 a lieutenant 200, and of a midfhipman 1 10 rubles. Officers 

 arc allowed denfhiks or fervants, viz. a lieutenant two, and 

 the reft, in proporrfon. When they arc at lea, the officers 



are allowed table-money, vis. in the BaltiCj each officer 

 monthly liar, feven rubles, aid the Captain lomewhat more. 

 On long voyages this allowance 18 increafed. The tailors 

 are divided into two dalles : to the lirll belong the ex- 

 perienced, at 18 ruble, per annum each; but thofe of the 

 fecond clafs. hare only 11. Moreover, they are fed while at 



lea ; 



