R U S 



R U S 



are greatly mrivelled, and grow very high : it is now become 

 common in the feed (hops of the metropolis under the title of 

 knight's pea. This variety is preferred on account of its more 

 faccharine quality, and the retention of its flavour more per- 

 fectly in the autumnal feafon ; however, it is not improbable 

 but that any other late tall-growing variety may fucceed 

 equally well. It is the practice to fow a imall quantity 

 every ten days until about midlummer, which afford good 

 fupplies for the table until the end of Oftober, though the 

 fevere frofts, which fometimcs happen in the early part of 

 that month, prove deftru&ive of the more late crops. 



The fame, orfimilar means, it is fuppofed, may be equally 

 effe&ual in preventing this difeafe in the peach-tree. As it 

 is found, that when the roots of it, which ftrike to the 

 greatelt depth in the foil, and which are confequently the 

 bed fuited to fupply the tree with moifture during the fum- 

 mer, are deftroyed by a hurtful under foil, or by an excefs. of 

 inoifture in the winter feafon, the difeafe, on many varieties 

 of the peach-tree, becomes extremely formidable. But 

 that where, on the contrary, a deep, fertile, dry loam per- 

 mits the roots to extend to their proper depth ; and where 

 the fituation is not fo low as to be much infefted with fogs, 

 little of this difeafe is met with : alfo in a forcing-houfe it 

 has been found equally eafy, by appropriate management, to 

 introduce or prevent the appearance of it. When the mould 

 has been kept very dry, and the air in the houfe damp and 

 unchanged, the plants have foon become difeafed ; but when 

 the mould has been regularly, and rather abundantly watered, 

 not a fingle veftige of the difeafe has fhewn itfelf. 



Rust, in Gardening, a difeafe of the blight or mildew 

 kind, which affedts many forts of crops, as well as fome 

 fruit-trees. All the later pea, bean, kidney-bean, and 

 feveral other fimilar forts of crops, are liable to be attacked, 

 and greatly injured, or wholly deftroyed in this way. Some 

 kinds of the peach and other forts of the finer fruit-trees 

 are alfo much cxpofed to its ravages and deftruftive effects. 

 See the preceding article. 



RUST of a metal, the flowers or calx thereof, procured 

 by corroding and diflolving its fuperficial parts by fome 

 inenltruous fluid : or the earth of the metal decompofed by 

 the aftion of a proper menftruum. 



Water is the great inllrumcnt or agent in producing ruft ; 

 the air apparently rufts bodies, but it is only in virtue of 

 the water it contains. 



Hence, in a dry air, metals remain a long time without 

 contracting ruft ; and hence oils, and other fatty bodies, 

 fecure metals from ruft, or from being oxydated ; water be- 

 ing no menftruum to oil, &c. and therefore not able to 

 make its way through it. See Ikon, j 



All metals are liable to ruft ; even gold itfelf, though 

 generally held incapable of it, grows rufty, if expofed to 

 the fumes of fea-falt. 



The reafon why gold is fo rarely found to ruft is, that 

 fea-falt, which is the only fait that will prey upon it, is of 

 a very fixed nature ; and therefore little of its effluvia, or 

 exhalations, are found floating in the air. 



Ruft is ufually fuppofed to be a corruption of the metal, 

 but without much foundation : it is the very metal itfelf, 

 only under another form ; and accordingly we find, that ruft 

 of copper may again be turned into copper. 



The ruft of copper, called ctrugo, makes what we call 

 verdigris. Ccrufs is made of lead converted into ruft by 

 vinegar. Iron, in time, turns wholly into ruft, unlcfs pre- 

 lervcd from the air by paint or varnifh. 



Citizen Conte has adopted a method, which lie finda 

 fffcftual, for preventing the oxydation of iron and fteel ; 



or, in popular terms, to prevent iron and fteel from rufting. 

 It confifts in mixing with fat oil varnifh, at leaft half, or 

 at molt four-fifths of its quantity of highly rectified fpirits 

 of turpentine. This varnifh mult be lightly and evenly ap- 

 plied with a fponge ; after which the article is left to dry in 

 fome fituation not expofed to dull. He affirms that arti- 

 cles thus vaniifhed retain their metallic luftre, and do not 

 contraft any fpots of ruft. This varnifh may alfo be ap- 

 plied to copper, of which it preferves the polifh, and 

 heightens the colour. It may be employed with particular 

 advantage to preferve philofophical inftruments from any 

 change, in experiments where, by being placed in contact 

 with water, they are fubjeft to lofe that polifh and pre- 

 cifion of form, which constituted part of their value. 

 Nieholfon's Journal, vol. vi. p. 142. 



Plumbago protefts iron from ruft, and on that account is 

 rubbed on various ornamental caft-iron works, fuch as the 

 fronts of grates, &c. 



RUSTAN, in Geography, a town of Perfia, in the pro- 

 vince of Schirvan ; 14 miles N. of Derbend. 



RUSTANGUNGE, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar; 

 13 miles S.W. of Patna. 



RUSTBURN, in Farming, a term provincially ufed to 

 fignify the troublefome weed reft-harrow. 



RUSTENBURG, in Geography, a town of Weftphalia, 

 in the territory of Eichsfeld, with a caftle ; nine miles W. 

 of Heiligenftadt. 



RUSTGADEN, a town of Sweden, in Dalecarlia ; 23 

 miles S.S.W. of Fahlun. 



RUSTI, or Rust, in Biography, born in 1 744, was ma- 

 eftro di cappella, at Barcelona, in 1767. He ftudied in the 

 confervatorio of La Pieta at Naples, and afterwards under 

 Rinaldo di Capua. His firft opera, " La Contadina in 

 Cefte," was compofed for Venice in 1764. He went from 

 Venice to Barcelona, where he compofed " l'Idolo Cinefe," 

 in 1774, " Amor Bizzazzo" in 1775, and " Aleffandro 

 nell' Indie," the fame year. " II Baron di terra afciutta," 

 1776 ; " II Socrate Immaginario," 1776; " II Giove Im- 

 maginario;" "II due protetti," 1777. His operas were 

 much efteemed in Italy. 



RUSTIC Gods, Dii Rujlici, in Antiquity, were the gods 

 of the country, or thofe who preftded over agriculture, &c. 

 Varro invokes the twelve dii confentes, as the principat 

 among the ruflic gods ; viz. Jupiter, Tellus, the Sun, 

 Moon, Ceres, Bacchus, RubigUS, Flora, Minerva, Venus, 

 Lympha, and Good Luck. Beiides thefe twelve arch-ruftic 

 gods, there was an infinity of leffer ones ; as Pales, Ver- 

 tumnus, Tutelina, Fulgor, Stcrculius, Mellona, Jugati- 

 nus, Collinus, Vallonia, Terminus, Sylvanus, and Priapus. 

 Struvius adds the Satyrs, Fauns, Sileni, Nymphs, and 

 even Tritons ; and gives the empire over all the ruflic gods 

 to the god Pan. 



Rustic, in Architecture, exprefles a manner of building 

 in imitation of limple or coarl'e nature, rather than accord- 

 ing to the rules of art. 



Rustic FajVt. See Fasti. 



Rustic Fountain. See Fountain. 



RUSTIC Freeze. See Fiikkze. 



RUSTIC Quoins, by Vitruvnis called lapides minantct. See 

 Rujlic Ouoin. 



RUSTIC Services. Sec SeRVICI • 



RUSTIC Work is where the Hones in the face, &c. of a 

 building, inftcad of being fmootli, are hatched or picked 

 with the point of Ml inftrument. 



Rustics, Regular, are thofe in which the Hones are 



chamfered oft at tin- edges, and form angular or fquare rr. 



5 E 1 erfleu 



