RUT 



It U T 



cedes of about an inch deep at their jointings, or beds, and 

 ends. 



Rustic Order, is an order decorated with ruftic quoins, 

 ruftic work, &c. 



Felibien fays, it is properly where the feveral parts of 

 the five orders are not exattly obferved ; but this confounds 

 ruftic with Gothic. 



RUSTICI, Francesco, in Biography, a native of Sienna, 

 born about 1595, was a difciple of Francefco Vanni. His 

 tafte led him afterwards to adopt the ityle and fubje&s of 

 Caravaggio. A dying Magdalen in the gallery at Flo- 

 rence, and a Sebaitian in the Borghefe palace at Rome, are 

 in that manner, though with more feledlion of form. He 

 itudied at Rome the works of a Caracci and Guido, not, 

 however, to the lofs of his own peculiar ityle. His moft 

 renowned work is the Annunciation, at Sienna. He died 

 in the prime of life, in 1625. 



RUSTICIANA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Hif- 

 pania, in Lulitania, on the left bank of the Tagus, to the 

 E. of Norba-Cxfarea, and W. of Augufto-Briga. 



RUSTICOLA, in Ornithology, a fpecies of Scolopax ; 

 which fee. — Alfo, a fpecies of tringa. SeeTmNGA Calidris. 



RUSTICULA, a name by which Aldrovand, and fome 

 other authors, have called the godwit, more commonly 

 known by the name <egocephalus. See Scolopax JEgo- 

 rephala. 



RusTICULA Brafdienfu, the name given by Mr. Ray, and 

 fome others, to the guarauna, a water-bird of the Brafils, 

 of the fize of our fnipe. See Scolopax Guarauna. 



RUSTONIUM, in Ancient Geography, a town of 

 Africa, on the coaft of Mauritania Cxlarieniis, between the 

 river Savus and the town of Ruficibar, according to Pto- 

 lemy. It is called Rufconia Colonia by Pliny ; Rungonix 

 Colonix by Antonine ; and according to Livy, the Africans 

 called it Rufcinona. 



RUSTRE, in Heraldry, a bearing of a diamond fhape, 

 pierced through in the middle with a round hole. 



RUSUBESER, Tacksibt, in Ancient Geography, a 

 town of Africa, upon the coaft of Mauritania Caefarienfis, 

 according to Ptolemy, fituated to the E. of Riifucurium, 

 between Iomnyum and Rufazus. 



RUT, in Hunting, &c. a term ufed for the venery or 

 copulation of deer. 



For the terms which obtain in refpeft of this and other 

 beafts of game, with the noife they make during the acts, 

 fee Hunting. 



The rutting-time with the hart begins about the middle 

 of September ; and holds two months : the older they are 

 the better, and the more beloved they are by the hinds, 

 and the earlier do they go to rut. At this time they will 

 turn head, and furioully make at any living creature. It 

 is eafy killing them at this time ; their whole bufinefs being 

 to fccnt and purine the track of the females ; fcarccly feed- 

 ing at all. The young herd arc forced to fly with great 

 precipitancv, when the hart comes in light of his mate. If 

 there be any other of bulk, they will difpute it very hotly 

 with their horns. As the feafon expires, they withdraw, 

 and dig themfelves holes in which to lie to afluage the itrong 

 fervour of their luft : when become a little fweet, they re- 

 turn to their pafture, and live in herds. 



The rutting or tcurning time of the roe-buck begins in 

 Oftober, and lafts only twelve or fifteen days. When this 

 is pall, lie calls his horns. 



After the hind is filled, (he keeps no more company with 

 the male till Ihe be delivered. But the doe always accom- 

 panies her pa-amour till her time approaches, when (he re. 



tires, for the fafety of her young, which he would other, 

 wife kill. 



Rut, in Rural Economy, a track or narrow opening 

 formed in a road by the wheel of a cart or other carriage, 

 which has but little breadth. Ruts of this fort are often 

 dangerous and troublefome, when they become of any con- 

 fiderable depth ; therefore they frequently ftand in need of 

 being filled in and rendered even with the other furface. 

 In order to do this with the belt effect., the inlides of them 

 require to be well loofened with the point of a pick, that 

 a firm bed may be given to the frelh Hones which are put 

 in, and at the fame time, the protuberances about them, if 

 there (hould happen to be any, may be chipped off and re- 

 moved. And itill further to prevent the frelh itones from 

 being difplaced, it is neceflary that they Ihould be covered 

 in with part of the loofened or other materials, and the 

 whole firmly rammed down, or otherwife driven in, fo as 

 to give the part, thus put in order, not only the evennefs 

 of furface, but, as much as pofiible, the firmnefs of the 

 reft of the road. This fort of accuracy may be readily at- 

 tained by a little practice and experience. 



All the minor ruts, depreflions, and dimples or hollows in 

 roads which are of any confequence, (hould always be made 

 up and fecured in the fame manner, as no water Ihould ever 

 be luffered to iland on any part of the furface of them. 



An implement of the three-pointed pick kind is often 

 found extremely ufeful and convenient in trimming and 

 filling in ruts in this way, as well as for rendering the fur- 

 face even and regular. See Pick. 



Rut of the Sea, is where it dalhes againft any thing. 



RUTA, in Botany, an ancient Latin name, fum of the 

 Greeks, which lexicographers derive from pmi, tojHow, in 

 allufion to fome reputed expelling qualities of the plant. The 

 word is rather perhaps, as De Theis obferves, not capable 

 of explanation, being nearly the fame in all the moft ancient 

 European languages ; run in Runic ; rude, ruta, or rutu, 

 in Anglo-Saxon ; rutiza in Sclavonian. Hence it is rue in 

 Englilh and French ; rata in Italian ; ruda in hpanifh and 

 Portuguefe ; route in German ; rhy'w in WeKh. n>: 

 a Greek fynonym of pi/Jn, is derived from smyrna.-, to congeal 

 or reprefs ; and fuppofed to refer to a quality in the plant, 

 oppolite, in iome refpects, to the above-mentioned. Thi? 

 latter name is ufed by Linnaeus for a genus nearly akin to 

 Ruta ; fee Peganum. If etymology were a fure guide to the 

 virtues of plants, rue might be taken by monks, who wifh 

 to keep their vows, and by nuns, who have broken theirs. 

 But we believe its efficacy, in either cafe, as uncertain, as 

 the object is unworthy of conlideration. — Linn. Gen. 210. 

 Schreb. 286. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 542. Mart. Mill. 

 Ditt. v. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 3. 34. Sm. Prodr. Fl. 

 Grace. Sibth. v. I. 271. Juff. 297. Tourn. t. 133. La- 

 marck Illuttr. t. 345. Gsrtn. t. in. — Ciafs and order, 

 Decandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Alultijiliqua, Linn. 

 Rutacex, Jufl. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, in five deep f'egments, 

 fhort and permanent. Cor. Petals five, fpreading, nearly 

 ovate, concave, with narrow claws. Stam. Filaments ten, 

 awl-lhaped, fpreading varioufly, the length of the corolla, 

 broadifh at the bale ; anthers incumbent, Ample, very fhort. 

 Pi/?. Germen gibbous, cut crofTvvife, furrounded with ten 

 melliferous pores at the bafe, and raifed on a receptacle 

 pierced with as many iimilar pores ; ftyle central, eredt, awl- 

 lhaped ; (tigma ftmple. Perk. Capfule gibbous, five-lobed 

 half way down, of five cells, burfting elaftically at the 

 fummit of each lobe. Seeds numerous, rough, angular, 



fomewhat kidney-lhaped. 



Obf. 



