RUT 



RUT 



they can eat. Nine porkers fed in this way paid each fix- 

 pence in the day, for fix weeks together ; which is a remark- 

 able fad, and highly valuable for the cultivators of this 

 root to be acquainted with. Others have had equally great 

 fuccefs in the fame way of ufing this root. Mr. Salmon like- 

 wife cultivates this root with much fuccefs, putting in the 

 crops of it in the latter end of May, or early in the follow- 

 ing month : ufes his own feed, which produces roots which 

 are fingle with yellow-coloured ilefh, and quite round in 

 form : three hoeings are given in raifing them. They are 

 applied as food for calves, fheep, caws, and pigs, being ex- 

 tremely ufeful in each of fuch modes : the pigs, however, 

 have only the hulls, after other cattle. They are made ufe 

 of to the end of April, when fpring wheat is fown on the 

 fame land after them, and as good crops are procured as after 

 any other fort of crop. They are fuppofed to produce fo 

 much fertility, by the abundant dock which they keep, that 

 barley, if fown after them, would be all ftraw. 



In fadl, the farmers of this didrift are dated to feel a 

 thorough conviftion of the importance which is attached to 

 them, and to be well informed of the beft modes of apply- 

 ing them in their confumption. Their ufe in feeding fheep 

 is well understood, and great reliance is placed on them as a 

 late feed in difficult fpring feafons. The improved practice 

 of giving them fliced in troughs to penned fheep, is highly 

 worthy of the farmer's attention ; and their application in 

 the fattening of oxen, from ftores laid up and preferved for 

 that purpofe, is of great importance, and highly deferves to 

 be imitated by different other districts. And the difcovery 

 which has been made of the young pigs termed porkers 

 being moil profitably fattened upon them, is alone of very 

 great confideration : but it requires to be further and more 

 fully afcertained, by a fet of experiments initituted ex- 

 prefsly for the purpofe ; as, (liquid the fame fadl turn out 

 to be well eftablifhed, not only in this cafe, but upon foils 

 fuperior in fertility to the red fand lands in the north of this 

 diftridt, it would be a moll valuable difcovery indeed to the 

 farming interefts of the whole country. 



The practical circumilance of fowing winter tares upon a 

 rich and full manuring, eating them off upon the land, and 

 then immediately putting in a crop of this fort, is likewife 

 fuppofed a method of cultivation which can fcarcely be ex- 

 ceeded, on fuch foils as are of a good quality. The faft of 

 the barley crops after this root being found full as good as 

 thofe after common turnips, alfo deferves to be attended to ; 

 as the cultivators who maintain it are perfectly aware, that 

 roots, (landing in the ground late in the fpring, mud necef- 

 farily tend to draw the land more than if they were con- 

 fumed at an earlier period ; but this circumilance is found 

 to be compenfated by the fheep, or other flock, remaining 

 fo much longer upon the ground. 



In cafes where this fort of crop is removed from the field, 

 there is no more objection on that account than in the cafe 

 of common turnips ; but it may be done with the very fu- 

 perior advantage, that this root can be kept in any method 

 with perfect fafety, which is well known cannot be done 

 with common turnips. 



And in the latter of the above counties, the farmers find 

 them equally valuable and ufeful in feeding and fattening 

 different forts of live-llock. By fome they are thought to 

 be uncommonly ufeful, and to feed flock in a manner which 

 Jhews their quality to be very rich in nourifhment. But 

 when kept late, fpring tares, it is thought, fhould be fown 

 after them, as barley is hazardous ; and others find them 

 much better for fattening fheep and bullocks than common 

 turnips. They are the grand flaple article for the latter 

 purpofe, in fome inftances ; one buihel of them being found 



worth three of common turnips, in fuch an application. 

 The beads and hogs, which have once tailed them, refute 

 other turnips afterwards. Eight or nine quarters of barley 

 are taken from the acre, in fome cafes, after this root ; but 

 the manuring for it was large. The leaves of the crops 

 have fometimes been fed off in the autumn, which did not 

 in the lead hurt them ; and though the fheep ate into fome 

 of the roots, the froft had no other effect than to cover the 

 wound with a thin (kin of putrefcence, leaving the red of 

 the root perfectly found. Half the crop has been drawn 

 for horfes, which areiound to be very fond of them; and 

 they were afcertained to be nearly as ufeful as carrots in this 

 application. They are alfo excellent for feeding and rearing 

 young calves. The befl crops here feem to be raifed by- 

 full manuring, efpecially with long, frefh, unflirred dung 

 from the farm-yard. 



This root is likewfife beginning to be efleemed, and a 

 favourite with fome farmers, in the county of Berks, where 

 it is found to have feveral advantages over the common 

 turnip, efpecially thofe of refilting the fevered frolls, and 

 of being as good and fit for ufe in the beginning of the new 

 year, as the other kind is at the end of the old one, and thus 

 forming a link in the fucceffion of feed for live-flock, and 

 faving the expence of hay and other articles. From its 

 fweetnefs, fuperior firmnefs, and more nutritious juicy qua- 

 lity, it is found more quick in its fattening properties ; but 

 from its more flow growth, it is fuppofed to exhaull the land 

 to a greater degree : yet, where there are rich, deep, loamy 

 foils, it is undoubtedly entitled to a preference, on thefe 

 and many other accounts. 



In Devonfhire, in the practice of Mr. Exter, the relative 

 produce between the tranfplanted root of this kind and the 

 Norfolk green turnip, under precifely the fame circum- 

 dances as to the nature and condition of the land, is dated 

 by Mr. Vancouver as 628 to 851 ; giving a mod decided 

 preference to the former, after amply defraying the addi- 

 tional expence of tranfplanting. 



Ruta Muharia, in Botany, Wall Rue, a common 

 little European Fern, fo called from its general place of 

 growth, and the refemblance of its deep glaucous green 

 fronds, to the leaves of Rue. See Ruta, and Asplexium, 

 fpecies 2 1 . 



RUTACEjE, fo named from the genus Ruta, which 

 is one of the tribe, is a natural order of plants, the 

 8 1 (I in the fydem of Juffieu, or the 2 id of his 13th 

 clafs. The charafters of this important clafs are given 

 under Gerania. Of the order now before us, Juffieu 

 mud be confidered as the founder. We (hall, therefore, 

 exhibit his own view of it, though that view is very incom- 

 plete, and capable of being much improved and elucidated 

 by recent difcoveries. 



Calyx of one leaf, often in five deep fegments. Petals 

 moflly five, alternate with the fegments of the calyx. 

 Stamens definite, diftinft, generally ten, alternately «>ppo- 

 fite to the petals and to the calyx. Germen fimple ; llyle 

 folitary ; digma fimple, or rarely divided. Fruit either of 

 many cells, or many capfules, the cells or capfules modly 

 five, each containing one or more feeds, inferted into the 

 inner angle. Corculum flat, in a flefhy albumen. Stem either 

 herbaceous or fhrubby, rarely arboreous. Leaves in fome 

 alternate, naked ; in others accompanied by Jl'ipulas, in 

 which cafe they are mod ufually oppofite. Flowers either 

 axillary or terminal. 



Sect. I. Leaves with Jl'ipulas, and mo/l/y oppofite. 



This feftion confitts of Tribulus, Fagonia, Zygopbyllum, 

 and Gua'iacum, all Linnasan genera. 



Se£l. 2. Leaves alternate, without Jl'ipulas. 



1 Ruta, 



