cryftals, which are cither divergent or reticulated, but fome- 

 times fingle, aud are imbedded in quartz and rock-cryilal. 

 From the analyiis of Klaproth, it appears to be a pure oxyd 

 of titanium. This mineral is found near Limoges in France, 

 in Hungary, at St. Gothard in Switzerland, on theCarpathian 

 mountains, near Burgos in Spain, in Siberia, on the fummit 

 of Sierra de Avilla, in New Granada in South America, 

 and in South Carolina in North America. 



RUTILITE, called by Klaproth Sphen. Its colour is a 

 brown, inclining to red, yellow, grey, or black. It is found 

 both cryftallized and amorphous. The cryllals are fmall, 

 oblique, four-fided prifms, which are acutely bevelled at 

 both extremities, but are fometimes terminated by tetrahe- 

 dral pyramids. The longitudinal fradture is radiated or 

 foliated, the crofs fra&ure flatly conchoidal, palling into 

 even. The luftre is gliltening, or faintly glimmering ; it 

 is more or lefs tranflucent on the edges. Rutilite fcratches 

 glafs, is very brittle, and nearly infufible by the blowpipe, 

 without the addition of borax or an alkali. The fpecific 

 gravity is from 3.1 to 3.5. According to Klaproth it con- 

 lilts of 



It is found at Pafiau, in the diilrid of the Inn, in a rock 

 compofed of felfpar, hornblende, and quartz. It alfo 

 occurs in feveral Norwegian mines. 



RUTILIUS, Numatianus, in Biography, a Latin poet, 

 probably a native of Touloufe,and advanced to high employ- 

 ments at the Roman court, was a military tribune, and 

 about the yean 414 A. D. was prefect of Rome. The 

 empire at this„time, as we have feen in the article Rome, 

 was over-run by the Viligoths, under the furious Alaric and 

 his fuccell'ors ; and Rutilius, for the purpofe of fuccouring 

 his diftreired native country, took a journey from Rome to 

 Gaul, of which he wrote a defcription in elegiac verfe. It 

 confilted of two books, of which the latter is loft. The 

 work gives a favourable impreffion of th» writer, who was 

 a Pagan, though it has been greatly cenfured by Catholic 

 authors, on account of the following remarks which it con- 

 tains on the monks of the ifland of Capraria. " The whole 

 ifland," fays Rutilius, " is filled, or rather defiled, by men 

 who fly from the light. They call themfelves monks, or 

 folitaries, becaufe they choofe to live without any witnefles 

 of their aftions. They fear the gifts of fortune, from the 

 apprehenfion of lofing them ; and left they (hould be refer- 

 able, they embrace a life of voluntary wretchednefs. How 

 abfurd is their choice ; how perverfe their underftanding, 

 to dread the evils, without being able to fupport the bleff- 

 ings, of the human condition. Either this melancholy 

 madnefs is the effect of difeafe, or elfe the confcioufnefs of 

 guilt urges thefe unhappy men to exercife on their bodies 

 the tortures which are inflicted on fugitive (laves by the 

 hand of juftice." For thefe and fome other remarks on the 

 Jewilh fabbath as a commemoration " Lafl'ati Dei," Ruti- 

 lius and his adherents are flyled, by his commentator, Bar- 

 thius, rabiofi canes diaboli ; but Tillemont remarks, that the 

 unbelieving poet praifes where he means to cenfure. The 

 verfe of Rutilius is faid to be more elegant than the com- 

 mon ftandard of the age ; and though the fubjedl does not 

 admit of poetry, he difplays much talle and ingenuity. 

 The " Itinerarium" was difcovered in 1494 at a monaftery, 

 and has been feveral times printed. The bed editions are 

 thofe of 1582, and 1687. It is inferted in Burmann's 

 " Poetas Minoreo," and in Mattaire's " Corpus Poetarum." 



RUT 



RUT1LUS, Roach, in Ichthyology, a fpecies of Cy- 

 prinus ; which fee. 



Rutilus Latior, a name given by many authors to thc 

 fifh called in Englifh rud, or Jinfcale, and rubellus. See Cy- 

 prinls Erythrophtbalmus. 



RUTINIUM, in Ancient Geography, a town of the 

 ifland of Albion, upon the route from the Portus Rutupx, 

 between Mediolanum and Urioconium in the Itinerary of 

 Antonine. Camden, Gale, and Baxter agree in opinion, 

 that Rutinium was lituated at Rowton caftle ; but Mr. 

 Horfley is pofitive, that it was really at Wem, on the banks 

 of the river Roden. 



RUTKIN, in Geography, a town of Bohemia, in the cir- 

 cle of Konigingratz ; 8 miles E. of Gitfchin. 



RUTLAM, a town of Hindoollan, in the Malwa coun- 

 try ; 48 miles W. of Ougein. N. lat. 23 23'. E. long. 



74° 58'. 



RUTLAND, Firjl Duke of, in Biography. The words of 

 the opera of Tamerlane, written by Nicola Haym, and fet by- 

 Handel in 1724 for the Royal Academy of Mulic, were dedi- 

 cated to the duke of Rutland, not only as one of the di- 

 rectors of the Royal Academy of Mufic, and a liberal pa- 

 tron of fcience, but as a nobleman who, by ftudy and appli- 

 cation, had rendered himfelf a molt intelligent judge both of 

 the theory and practice of the art of mulic. And it is well 

 known that the fir ft duke of Rutland was an excellent per- 

 former on the violin ; that his grace brought Carbonelli 

 hither from Italy, when he returned from his tou: - through 

 that country ; and that the folos which this mulician dedi- 

 cated to him, were compofed exprefsly for hii ufe. 



Rutland, in Geography, one of the Andaman iilands, 

 i.i the Ealt Indian fea. N. lat. 1 1° 24'. E. long. 92° 27'. 



Rutland, a county of Vermont, bounded N. by Addifon 

 county, E. by Windfor, S. by Bennington, and W. by New 

 York. This county is watered by Otter creek and other 

 ftreams. It abounds with lakes or ponds ftored with filh ; 

 the principal are lakes Bombazan and St. Auitin, the former 

 in Hubbarton and Caltleton, and the latter in Wells. It 

 contains 25 townlhips, and 29,486 inhabitants. In this 

 county are 14 forges, 3 furnaces, and a flitting-mill. — 

 Alfo, a polt-town of Vermont, the capital of the above 

 county, fituated on Otter creek ; 55 miles from its mouth 

 in lake Champlain, 45 miles W. by N. from Windfor. It 

 contains a congregational church, a court-houfe, and 2379 

 inhabitants. The mean heat of this place is 43°.6, the leait 

 21°, and the greateft 92 . Durable crucibles are wrought 

 of the pipe-clay found here. N. lat. 43 34' 30". W. long. 

 7 2° 50' 10". — Alfo, a townlhip of Worceiter county, Mafla- 

 chufetts ; 14 miles N.W. of Worceiter ; incorporated in 

 1722, and containing 1 23 1 inhabitants. It is fituated on the 

 height of land between Connecticut river and Merrimack. 

 The profpefts from the centre of the town are extenfive and 

 delightful. It is a curious circumftance, that the water 

 which drops from the ealtern roof of a barn in this town 

 runs to the Merrimack, and that which falls from the weftern 

 fide runs to the Connecticut. In this town are two confi- 

 derable ponds, which furnilh ftreams in different directions, 

 fome of which are large enough for mills. 



Rutland, a poft-town of Ireland, in the county of Do- 

 negal, built in one of the duller of iilands called North 

 ifles of Arran, in the diltrict of the Roffes. The late colo- 

 nel Burton Conyngham procured a grant from parliament 

 to eftablilh a fettlement here, as a fituation peculiarly 

 adapted to the herring filhery. This town, fo called from the 

 duke of Rutland, who was viceroy at the time, has very fine 

 flores and accommodations for drying and falting the filh, 



but, 



