R U Y 



R U Y 



ginated in his defence of Sylvius and Van Home againft 

 Bilfius, was entitled " Dilucidatio valvularum in Vafis 

 Lymphaticis et Ladteis, cum figuris seneis," Hague, 1665. 

 His fecond was " Obfervationum Anatomico-Chirurgicorum 

 Centuria. Accedit Catalogus rariorum in Mufaeo Ruyfch- 

 iano," Amft. 1691 ; containing fome curious fafts and 

 engravings. His third publication was an anfwer to Bidloo, 

 who had attacked feveral of his doftrines, and was entitled 

 " Refponfio ad Godef. Bidloo Libellum, cui nomen Vindi- 

 ciarum, &c." 1694. In addition to this, he publifhed no 

 lefs than fourteen controverfial works, in anfwer to profeflbr 

 Gaubius, to C. Wedelius, and others, which were entitled 

 " Epiftoke Anatomic^ Problematics, una cum Refpon- 

 fionibus," and were printed between the years 1696 and 1700 

 inclufive, and in many of which confiderable acrimony ap- 

 pears on both fides. 



In addition to thefe numerous tracts, Ruyfch alfo publifhed 

 a ferirs of anatomical eflays, to the number of twelve, un- 

 der the title of " Thefaurus Anatomicus primus, fecundus, 

 &.c." between the years 1701 and 1728, containing the re- 

 fults of his minute inveftigations into the ftructure of the 

 different organs and textures of the body, and, in the laft, 

 obfervations on the anatomy of vegetables. He published 

 alfo " Thefaurus Animalium," in 1 7 10, with plates ; three 

 decades of " Adverfaria Anatomico-Chirurgico-Medico," 

 in 17 17 — 20, and 23. And a tract " De Fabrica Glandu- 

 larumad Boerhaavium," 1722, in anfwer to an attack from 

 that celebrated profeflbr. A collection of all his works was 

 printed at Amfterdam in 1721, 4to. entitled " Opera omnia 

 Anatomico-Medico-Chirurgica ;" but this is necefiarily lefs 

 complete than the edition of 1737, in five volumes, 4to. 



Henry Ruyfch, the fon of the preceding, who died in 

 1727, published a "Theatrum univerfale omnium Animalium, 

 &c. 240 Tabulis ornatum," 17 18, in two vols, folio. He 

 is faid to have been the fole depoiitary of the fecret of his 

 father, by which thofe beautiful preparations were made, 

 which retained the appearance of life ; and Ruyfch was re- 

 proached for allowing the contrivance to perifh with his fa- 

 mily. But the modern improvements in the art of injection 

 do not probably fall fhort of his expedient?, in the demon - 

 ftration of the vafcular ftru&ure of the different organs of 

 the body. See Eloy Dift. Hilt, de la Med. ; Eloge de 

 Fenelon ; Hutchinfon, Biographia Medica. 



RUYSCHIA, in Botany, received that appellation from 

 Jacquin, in memory of profeflbr Frederick Ruyfch, the 

 celebrated anatomift ; another plant, which had borne his 

 name, being referred to Dracocephalum. He is noticed by 

 Haller, Bibl. Bot. v. 2. 98, for having directed his anato- 

 mical (kill to the maceration and diflection of leaves, as well as 

 for his fondnefs for exotic plants. He appears as the editor, 

 commentator, and tranflator into Latin, of Commelin's valu- 

 able Hortus Amftelodamenfts. — Jacq. Amer. 75. Schreb. 

 Gen. 144. 823. Willd. Sp. PL v. 1. 1116. Mart. Mili 

 Diet. v. 4. Swart/. Ind. Occ. 501. t. II. Juil. 4.28. 

 Lamarck Illuitr. t. 135. (Souroubea; Aubl. Guian. 

 244. t. 97. Julf. 428.) — Clafs and order, Pentandria Mo- 

 nogyma. Nat. Ord. uncertain. Ju(f. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, double ; theoutermoft 

 longelt, in three deep unequal fegments, coloured ; the 

 inner of five roundifh, concave, obtufe, converging, per- 

 manent leaflets. Cor. Petals five, ovate, flattifh, obtufe, 

 reflexed, thrice as long as the inner calyx. Stam. Filaments 

 five, awl-fhaped, flat, fpreading, fhorter than the petals ; 

 anthers oblong, incumbent. Pifl. Germen fuperior, roundifh- 

 ovate ; ftyle none ; ftigma quadrangular, cruciform, flat, 

 Perk. Berry of two cells. Seeds numerous. 



Ed. Ch. Calyx double ; the outer in three deep unequal 



fegments ; inner of five leaves. Petals five, reflexed. Styl 

 none. Berry of two cells, with many feeds. 



Obf. Aublet defcribes the ftigma as of five angle3 or 

 points, and the germen of five cells. 



1. R. clufiafolia. Purple Ruyfchia. Jacq. Amer. 75. 

 t. 51. f. 2. Willd. n. 1. Swartz Ind. Occ. 502. — 

 Leaves obovate, obtufe, without tranfverfe veins. Two 

 fegments of the outer calyx fhorter tliata the inner one. — 

 Native of the vaft boggy foreils in the interior parts of 

 Martinico, where Jacquin found it flowering in April. 

 Nobody elfe feems to have gathered this fpecies. The jlent 

 is rather fhrubby, two feet high, growing parafitically upon 

 trees. Leaves alternate, on fhort ilalks, obovate, obtufe, 

 entire, coriaceous, fhining, fmooth, four inches long, with a 

 folitary mid-rib, and no lateral veins. Clti/lcrs terminal, 

 quite fimple, folitary, erect, many-flowered ; cylindrical, 

 nine inches long ; the common (talk cylindrical, thick 

 and fmooth ; partial ones fcattered, fimple, fhort, fpreading. 

 Flowers between the fize of a lauruflinus and hawthorn 

 blofTom, inodorous, with purple petals. Filaments alfo 

 purple, ufually five, often feven, fometimes fix. Jacquin 

 did not fee the ripe fruit, but conjectured it to be a 

 berry. 



2. R. Souroubea. Red and yellow Ruyfchia. Swartz 

 Ind. Occ. 504. Willd. a. 2. (Souroubea guianenfis ; 

 Aubl. Guian. 244. t. 97.) — Leaves obovate, emarginate, 

 with a fmall point, and many tranfverfe veins. All the 

 fegments of the outer calyx longer than the inner one. — 

 Gathered by Aublet, on the banks of the river du Ga/lion, 

 in Guiana, flowering in October. The Jlems are fhrubby, 

 but brittle, long and trailing, fupporting themfelves on the 

 neighbouring bufhes, but drooping at the ends ; their outer 

 bark afh-coloured, eafily peeling off. Leaves alternate, on 

 fhort thick (talks, fmooth, flefhy, four inches long, marked 

 with numerous, tranfverfe, not very evident, veins. Ghjlers 

 terminal, folitary, long and drooping, of numerousflotvers, 

 much larger than thofe of the rirft fpecies ; their partial 

 ilalks an inch long. The outer calyx, as we choofe to call it, 

 rather than a bradea, confifts of three divifions, each near 

 an inch long, of a coral red, one of whofe fegments is a 

 tube, clofed at the end, the other two obovate, or fpatulate, 

 concave above. Inner calyx of five or fix yellowifh leaves, 

 firm, folding over each other. Corolla of a golden yellow, 

 defcribed by Aublet as monopetalous ; but Swartz, who 

 examined this author's fpecimens, fays otherwiie. Stamens 

 yellow. Ripe fruit not feen by Aublet. No other perlon 

 appears to have gathered this plant. The habit of the 

 genus, and in fome meafure the peculiar conformation of 

 the outer calyx, refemble Marcgravia ; fee that genus, and 

 Ascitm. 



RUYSCHIANA. See Tunica and Eye. 



RUYSDAEL, Jacob, in Biography, was born at Haer- 

 lem in 1636, and at firft ftudied furgery as his profeflion, al- 

 though he had given early proofs of a fine tafte in the art of 

 painting ; to which, at length, his attention was entirely 

 directed by Nicholas Berghern, with whom he lived in habits of 

 intimacy. He is faid by fome writers to have improved his 

 tafte in Italy, but fcarcely a particle of Italian tafte is to 

 be found in his works. Nature was the fchool in which he 

 ftudied ; her pure etherial tints, her peculiar forms, the 

 frefhnefs of the morning, the brilliancy of mid-day, and the 

 fpirit-ftirring tone of twilight, were the foundation of the 

 principles by which he was governed, and in the contempla- 

 tion of which he laid the bails of that perfection of locality 

 ii ;i he fuccefsfully afpired. 



His landfcapes are generally fcenery in the neighbourhood 

 of his refidence, or occafionally taken from the rocky borders 



of 



