It U Y 



It U Y 



of the Rhine, varied with cafcades, which he compofed and 

 treated in a manner till then unknown, and till now unri- 

 d, as m< re matters of imitation. 

 The talents of Rnvfdael were not confined to landfcape, 

 he J -pieces with equal fuccefs ; and he has 1 



I in the truth, the brilliancy, and variety, with 

 which he purfued that branch of the art, particularly frefh 

 /.es and gales of wind. 

 He frequently obtained affiftance i:i his figures from the 

 pencils of Oftade, Vartder-Velde, and fometimes from 

 Wouvermary, which adds confiderably to the prices ob; 

 for his works, and they are in general of a confidei 



nitude. Indeed a fine fpecimen of this mailer may be 

 regarded as current coin, fuch is the general eftimation of 

 his talent. He died in 1 68 1, at the age of 4,. 



His elder brother, Solomon Ruyfdael, was alio alandfeape 

 painter in the fame llyle, but with indifferent fuccefs. He 

 gained more credit as a decorative artift. 



RUYSDAL, in Geography, a town of Holland ; live 

 mile; '.'.. E \ 1 rd :n. 



RUYSSELADE, a town of France, in the department 

 of the Lys, and chief place of a canton, in the dittricit of 

 Bruges. The place contains 5281, and the canton 10,071 

 inhabitants, on a territory of 65 kiliometres, in two com- 

 mune . 



RUYTER, MlCHAEL-ADRIAN DE, in Biography, a ce- 

 lebrated Dutch admiral, born at Flufhing in 1607, entered 

 in'.o the naval fervicc of his country very early. From the 

 fituation of cabin-boy he rofe through all the commands to 

 the rank of captain, in which he diftinguifhed himfelf ! 

 among his own countrymen and foreigners. Much of the 

 early part of his life was fpent in the fervice in the Weft 

 Indies, to which he is faid to have made eight voyages, and 

 two to Brafil. In 1641 he was fent to the affiftance of the 

 Portuguefe, who had thrown off the yoke of Spain, and 

 on this occafion he was raifed to the rank of rear-admiral. 

 Hi, condutt obtained for him the applaufe of the king of 

 Portugal, and he afterwards rendered fome important fervices 

 on the Barbary coaft, entering the road of Sallee in a tingle 

 . although five Algerine corfairs diiputed the paffage. 

 When war broke out, in 1652, between the Englifh and 

 Dutch, Van Tromp having been difgraced, De Ruyter was 

 appointed to the command of a feparate fquadron, for the 

 purpofe of convoying home a rich fleet of merchantmen. 

 He fell in with the Englifh admiral Ayfcough, with whom 

 he had an engagement off Plymouth, in the month of Auguft, 

 which laded two days, and terminated fo tar to the advantage 

 of the Dutch, that he brought his convoy fate into port. 

 In the following Oftobcr De Ruyter and De Witte had an 

 action with Blake and Ayfcough on the Flemifh < 

 which was fevercly contelted -, but !>■ Ruyter, being deferted 

 by fome of his captains, found it advifeableto retreat to his 

 own coaft, the lots having been nearly equal on both fides. 

 Van Tromp was now reftored to the chief command, and De 

 Ruyter had a fquadron under him in the battle of December 

 off Folkltone, in which Blake was oblii tke (lu her 



in the Thames. De Ruyter likewife dll 

 in the terrible battle ol threi da ' in February 



1653, between Tromp and Blake, near the 

 Channel. In the month of June, Tromp and De Ruyter en- 



ik and Dean off Nicuport ; ami afi ■■ tl 

 two days, in which the two Dutch admirals fucceffi 

 cued each other from immi il er, the D elled 



their inferiority by retiring 



commanders th in remonftrance to the States 



concerning the neceffity of a reinforcement, and at len 

 they were enabled to attack the Englifh under Monk and 



Lawfon, near Scheveling. In the final battle between the 

 two republics, Tromp was killed ; and though De Ruyter 

 made every effort to reftore the day, returning to the combat 

 after he had been obliged to fhift his flag to a frigate, yet 

 lie was at length compelled to withdraw his mattered (hips to 

 Meufe. The peace with England, which was concluded 

 the following year, gave a refpite to this terrible fervice, 

 De Ruyter was fent to cruize in the Mediterranean. 

 He was to reinforce Opdam, who was laying liege to that 

 town, and this fervice being effected, he returned to his Ra- 

 tion. The Dutch trade was at this time much molelted by 

 French privateers, but the vigorous conduct of De Ruyter 

 put an end to this predatory warfare. A difpute with Por- 

 tugal brought this Dutch admiral again into action, and he 

 exhibited his vigilance, taking feveral Portuguefe fhips at 

 the mouth of the Tagus, and made feveral prizes from the 

 Brafil fleet, till a want of provifions obliged him to return 

 to Holland. War having recommenced between the Swedes 

 and Danes in 1658, De Ruyter was fent with a fleet to the 

 affiftance of the latter. He made a defcent on the ifland of 

 Funen, defeated the Swedes, and forced them to furrender 

 at difcretion in Nyborg, whither they had retired. He 

 then wintered at Copenhagen, where the king of Denmark 

 ennobled him for his good fervices. In 1662 he was fent with 

 a ftrong fquadron to curb the infolence of the Barbary ftates, 

 who had exercifed their piracy upon the Dutch (hipping, 

 and fucceeded entirely to the fatisfaction of his employers. 

 At the commencement of the difputes between Charles II. 

 and the United Provinces, De Ruyter had a command on the 

 coaft of Africa, where he recovered the forts which had 

 been taken from the Dutch by the Englifh, and made prizes 

 of fome merchant fhips. After the defeat of the fleet of 

 Opdam by the duke of York, in 1665, De Ruyter returned, 

 and was raifed to the rank of lieutenant-admiral-general of 

 the Dutch navy. Tn the parties into which Holland was at 

 this time divided, De Ruyter was confidered as attached to 

 the republican caufe, while the younger Tromp, his rival, 

 was a warm adherent to the houfe of Orange : they, how- 

 ever, went to fea together. The tirlt fervice of De Ruyter 

 was to convoy home a fleet of merchantmen ; and in June 

 [666, the great fleets of the two maritime powers met in the 

 Downs; the Dutch commanded by De Ruyter and Tromp, 

 the Englifh by prince Rupert (fee his article) and Monk, 

 now the duke of Albemarle. In the three days fight 

 which enfued the Dutch had the advantage, though' the va- 

 lour of the Englifh rendered theconteft very fevere. Both 

 De Ruyter and Tromp were obliged feveral tunes to fhift 

 their flags from (hip to Ihip, and the latter, having borne down 

 to the centre of the Englifh, was reduced to the utmolt ex- 

 tremity, when he was nobly refcued by his rival and politi- 

 cal toe. The aftion lor th wrth day, and 

 in the end the Englifh, who had been thi funerers, 



withdrew to their harbours. 



Iii the folio wil i the duke of Albemarle and prince 



Rupert fell in, .. \,itii l), Ruyter 



and Tromp, and in the enfuing action, Tromp, eagerly 

 purfuing a defeated divifion of the Englifh De 



Ruyter alone to contend with the main bi 1 ■ enemy, 



who, alter a long and molt lev. :d to re- 



1 , I I ne bullet 



of fo man 1 uld hii om dil r.icc. 



He gained, however, additional glory b} I order in 



, and in no adlion wi 

 1 

 The year 1667 was mem difrrace which the 



F Chai lea II. triumphant entra a ol 



the Dutch into the Thame. . Negociation: for peai e had I 



carrying 



