R Y E 



RYE 



reverfe, a fquare, with ornaments and the following words in 

 five lines, mo. ord. provin. fgeder. belg. ad leg imp. ; 

 that is, Moneta ordinarea provinciarum faderatarum Belgicarum 

 ad legem Imperii, (the common coin of the confederated 

 Belgic provinces, according to the law of the empire). 



Ryder, or Rider, to a bill. See Parliament. 



RYDRAIRE, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Baramaul ; 28 miles N. of Namacul. 



RYDROOG, a town and fortrefs of Hindooftan, in 

 Myfore ; 128 miles N. of Seringapatam. N. lat. 14 40'. 

 E.long. 76^ 52'. 



RYE, in Botany. See Secale. 



Rye, in Agriculture, a fpecies of corn much cultivated in 

 fome of the northern diftricts. It is a fort cf crop that ap- 

 proaches the nearelt to that of wheat of any that is at 

 prefent in cultivation. There are two varieties of this 

 grain, the •winter and fpring rye, or what is often diftin- 

 guifhed into the black and luhiie, or Dantzic fort, but the 

 former is the largeft and the moll plump ar.d hardy, confc- 

 quently the molt frequently grown by the farmer, however 

 the fpring kind may often be employed with fuccefs and ad- 

 vantage. This kind of grain is fo capable of fuftaining the 

 effedts of the weather, that when fown in the autumn it is 

 feldom injured by the moll fevere winters ; it is likewife more 

 early in the fpring than wheat, ar.d though not equally 

 valuable, is more certain of producing a good crop in general 

 than that grain is. 



Soil. — This is a fort of crop which is capable of being 

 grown on moft kinds of land, but the light dry fandy foils 

 that cannot be converted to the purpofe of wheat or barley, 

 are probably the only ones on which it can be cultivated to 

 advantage, from being the moft adapted to it, and from 

 few of them being fo light or poor as not to afford good 

 crops. It can, of courfe, only be introduced with fuccefs 

 on fuch lands as are incapable of producing other forts of 

 corn to advantage. And from fowls being lefs fond of it 

 than moft other lorts of grain, it may be the moft proper 

 to be cultivated on thole portions of ground that are fituated 

 clofe around the farm-houies and yards. 



It is a crop which is moftly grown after early fed turnips, 

 clover, peas, and other fimilar produces, as well as after 

 naked fallows. In particular cafes, when grown on the 

 cold and heavy kinds of foil, the grain is found to be much 

 later in becoming ripe than on fuch as are dry and light in 

 their quality. 



This is alfo a kind of crop which, as in that of wheat, 

 requires the land to be brought into a tolerable ftate of mel- 

 lownefs, and to be perfectly cleared from weeds. In many 

 diftrifts where intended to ftand for a crop, it is the cultom 

 to put it in upon fome fort of fallow, but where it is only 

 to be fed off by fheep, ieldom more than one ploughi' 

 given, the land being broken up and fallowed for turnips, 

 immediately after the green rye has been fufficiently 1 

 down by fheep or other animals. And it is the practice in 

 fome places to apply manure immediately for this crop ; but 

 where the foil is in a fuitable ftate of tillage, and has not 

 previoufly been too much exhauited by the growth of grain 

 crops, it may be more proper, efpecially where it is not to 

 be fed off, to defer the application of the manure, in order 

 that it may be employed for the turnip or other green crop 

 that is to fucceed, the ufe of manure being apt to bring up 

 weeds, and render it difficult to be kept clean. 



Seed and Sowing. — In rcipeft to the time of fowing this 

 fort of grain, it is, in general, pretty much the fame as 

 that for wheat where a crop is intended, but when culti- 

 vated for green food for animals, it may be advantageous to 



fow it more early, as in Auguft and September, but it may 

 be fown in October, and during the winter months, until 

 the beginning of March, in particular cafes, as where the 

 early fowings have failed, or there is an intention of having 

 a fucceffion of this feed for fheep. In which cafes, accord- 

 ing to Mr. Bannifter, it is ufually fown on one ploughing 

 on a wheat or other tlubble where the field is to come in 

 courfe for turnips in the following year. And the above 

 writer favs that the general allowance of feed, where the 

 crop is deiigned to remain for grain, is, in moft fituations, 

 from about twobufheis to two and a half; but when the in- 

 tention is to feed it oh", three, or even more, may be a better 

 proportion, as the plants, in fuch cafes, ihould ftand con- 

 fiderably thicker upon the ground, in order that the largeft 

 poffible quantity of green food may be provided for the 

 animals. And as the vegetation of this fort of crop is 

 rather flow, it may be proper to put it into the ground 

 when it is in a tolerably dry condition, otherwife much of it 

 may perifli, efpecially in wet leafons, and where the land is 

 rather heavv. 



It is likewife ftated in the Report of Yorkfhire, that it 

 was formerly a prevailing cultom to blend feveral other 

 forts of feeds with that of rye, and the practice ftill con- 

 tinues in fome diftricls, in refpeft to wheat and winter tares, 

 but it is by no means either advrfeable or ufeful, in Mr. 

 Donaldfon's opinion, fince, in the firit cafe, the rye is in a 

 ftate (it for reaping long before the wheat, confequently 

 much lofs mutt be fuftained by the farmer, and in the latter 

 it is moftlv in a ftate to be cut as green food, fome weeks 

 before the tares, and becomes ripe at much too early a 

 period for them. 



And in cafes where wheat is blended with rye, it is often 

 termed mcflin, the proportion of the latter to that of the 

 former being regulated by the nature of the foil, and the 

 opinion of the grower, the general principle being that of 

 giving the largeft proportion of rye to the lighted kinds of 

 ground. 



After-culture In cafes where this crop is grown for the 



purpofe of the grain, it will be neceflary to keep it as clean 

 as poffible in the early ftages of its growtli by horfe and 

 hand weeding?, and hoeings according as it is fown, when 

 they may appear requifite ; but where the intention is merely 

 that of affording a fupply of green food, for the ufe of 

 fheep or other animals in the more early fpring months, no 

 further culture will be wanted after the crop has been put 

 into the ground. This fort of crop is known to be ready 

 to cut by the ft raw of the ftems becoming of a yellowifh 

 colour, the ears hanging down in a bending manner, and the 

 grain feeling hard and in a plump and full condition. 



On the poor fandy foils of Sufi oik good crops of this 

 fort are feldom produced, and on thofe of a better quality 

 the produce is rarely more than from two to three quarters 

 on the acre. But in the north riding of Yorkfhire it is 

 ftated, by the author of the Agricultural Report of that 

 dittrift, to amount to from three to fix quarters to the acre 

 of land. 



In cafes where this fort of grain is free From weeds, and 

 cut when the weather is fine, it may be fecured in the (lack 

 as fait as the reaping proceeds, without its being endan- 

 gered by it. And the ltraw of this fort of grain is found 

 to be fuperior to that of wheat, for the purpofe of thatch, 

 as well as for the ufe of the collar-makers, who require much 

 of it. 



The practice of farmers is fometimes, where rye is intended 

 to ftand for a crop, to feed it with fheep in the early fpring, 

 as in the beginning of March ; but this Ihould never be done 



9 except 



