SCO 



turning tViem upon dry, found, old, artificial pafture-land. 

 But three of the number, to which fuet boiled in milk had 

 been ^iven, all died. Tar mixed with the finely powdered 

 lime of an old wall, and formed into fuitable balls, is faid, 

 in feme inftances, to prove an effeftual remedy for this 

 complaint. 



On the whole it is thought, that as the diforder evidently 

 ■irifes either from cold, moilture, and poor food, or from 

 ■veakly flneep being fuddenly put upon too rich keep, the 

 molt proper and rational method of removing the affeftion is, 

 in the firft circumitances, to turn the fheep immediately into 

 a new warm paiUire, and fupply them well with frefli good 

 hay, &c. ; and in the latter cafe, to put them upon found old 

 fward land. In fupport of this praftice, a flieep farmer in 

 the fame neighbourhood aflerts, that he conftantly keeps hia 

 wether lambs on or near to the above Marfli, and that he 

 never has any of his flock aflfefted with the difeafe ; which 

 he imputes to the allowing of them old grafs upon the land. 

 The grounds are warm, and well flieltered by trees and 

 fences. 



Scouring, Preventative Remedies, for Horfes, fuch as are 

 given to work and other horfes, as well as occafionally to 

 other forts of live-ftock, for the purpofe of preventing the 

 occurrence of difeafe in them. The incautious and indif- 

 criminate ufe of remedies of this nature among horfes and 

 other cattle has been the caufe of much lofs and mifchief. 

 Animals by no means Hand fo frequently in need of medi- 

 cines of this fort as has been fuppofed, though they may 

 fometimes have occafion for them. The (late and circum- 

 ftances of the animals, with a full knowledge of the man- 

 ner in which they have been kept, and the labour or exer- 

 cife which they have had, will, with due difcrimination 

 and judgment in the perfon who has the care of them, 

 moRiy belt point out when they may be necellary and ufe- 

 ful ; and when, on the contrary, improper and hurtful. 

 Calomel and aloes are probably the mod proper fubftances 

 to be generally employed in this way, though others of the 

 purging kinds may fometimes be joined with them to pro- 

 mote their operation with much advantage and effeft. How- 

 ever, from the natural motion of the bowels of horfes being 

 flow, and the length of (he inteftinal canals great, unlefs 

 the (limulant purgative power of the fubitance continues 

 for fome time after it has pafled from the itomach, no effedl 

 will be produced upon them. This accounts for the failure 

 of fuch remedies in many cafes. Yet on the fame grounds, 

 it may naturally be fuppofed, that a powerful dofo of fucli 

 medicines may increafe this aftion in fuch a manner, and 

 propel the contents of the bowels in fo forcible a degree, 

 as to produce great pain, inflammation, or other mifchief, 

 which may either kill the animal or greatly injure it, as it 

 frequently exemplified. 



Confequcntly, in every cafe where the flrength and the 

 ftatc of the animal are not well known, the bcft method may 

 be to begin with giving not too large dofes of remedies of 

 this nature, but increafing them afterwards where found 

 necoflary. In this way tlicre will be every advantage 

 fecurcd, without the danger of injury being done. 



Such horfes as are newly taken up into warm ftablcs 

 from cold expofed fituations, will often Itand in need of 

 one or two gentle dofes of this kind. But horfes employed 

 in team labour, or hard work of other forts, will very feldom 

 require fuch afliftance. It may, iiowevcr, be occafionally 

 ufefnl. Swellings of the legs, inflamm.itions of the eyes, 

 coughs, and colds, arifing from the fuddcn change of tem- 

 perature, may in many cafes be prevented, by rendering 

 the ftables more open and airy on the horfes being firK 

 taken up into them, cfpeci.iUy if they be clofe and warm. 



SCR 



Strong young horfes moilly require a few dofes on their 

 firfl; coming into the ftablc, but by no means fo many as 

 are ufually given. Horfes too, after being long foiled on 

 green food, fometimes are the better for fuch remedie?. 

 Alfo fuch as have fwelled and cracked heels from high 

 feeding and too much inadion. There may be fome other 

 cafes in which fuch remedies are beneficial, but they are 

 only few, as it is not at all neceffary to have recourfe to 

 them in that general way which is commonly imagined. 



The moll ufual, and probably the bell mode of giving 

 fuch remedies, is that of letting the animal have the calomel 

 ballj in the evening, and thofe of the aloe kind in the 

 morning, fo as to work them off in fome meafure. 



From one drachm to two drachms, in proportion to the 

 ftrength of the animal, of the firll or calomel, with half 

 an ounce of fome aromatic powder, made up with treacle 

 or honey, will form a proper ball for the evening dofe. 

 And from half an ounce to one ounce, according to the 

 ftate of the animal, of finely powdered Barbadoes aloes, 

 with two drachms of powdered ginger, made up in the 

 fame way, will form a fuitable morning ball in this in- 

 tention. 



Proper maflies and feeds, with fuitable work or exercife, 

 and grooming, are to be had recourfe to at the fame time. 

 The fpace of eight or ten days (hould always elapse before 

 the dofes are repeated. 



SCOURINGS, among Farriers, fuch gentle purgei 

 as preferve horfes from noxious humours. 



SCOUTS, ill Military Language, are generally horfe- 

 men fent out before, and on the wings of an army, at the 

 diilance of a mile or two, to difcover the enemy, and give 

 the general an account of what they obferve. 



SCOUZIE Head, in Geography, a cape of Scotland, 

 on the E. coaft of the county of Caithnefs ; ^ miles S. of 

 Duncanfby Head. N. lat. 58*^ 31'. W. long. 2^ 25'. 



SCOW, in Agriculture, a term ufed by farmers to fig- 

 nify the (heath of a horfe. 



SCOWBEGAN Falls, in Geography, falls which boats 

 cannot pafe, in the Kennebeck river, in the Hate of Mainei 

 North America, near the town of Canaan. 



SCRABY, orScRABA, a fmall poft^ and fair-town of the 

 county of Cavan, Ireland, near Lough Gawnah ; 60 milcj 

 N.W. from Dublin, and 7 N.W. by W. from Granard. 



SCRAPER, an inltrument ufed in mezzotinto engrav- 

 ing, formed much in the manner of a knife, except that 

 the edge is llraight till near tlic point, and there Hopes off 

 at an angle from both fides ; the lines of which flopcs meet- 

 ing form another angle of the point ; but the Hope on one 

 fide is much longer than that of the other. 



SCRAPING in Mixzotlnlo. See MezzotistO. 



ScRAl'INC, in Naval Language, is the aift of (having off 

 the dirty Turface of the plank, in a fliip's fide or decks, 

 particularly after a voyage, or wlien the feams have been 

 covered with a new compofition of melted pilch or rofiiu 

 The inltrument with which this is performed is called a 

 fcraper. 



SCRATCH, in the language of the falt-workers of 

 our country, the name of a cnlcareou'!, earthy, or (lony 

 fubftance, which feparatcs from fca-watcr in boiling it for 

 fait. 



This forms a thick cruft in a few dayi on the fides and 

 bottoms of the pans, which they are forced to be at the 

 pains of taking oft' once in a week cr ten days, other- 

 wife the pans burn away and arc dellroyed. (See Salt.) 

 This is no other than the lame fubitance which cruft» 

 over the iiifides of our tea-kettles, and is truly a fpar, 

 fuilained more or lef» in all water, and fcparablc from it by 

 P 2 ' boiling- 



