SCR 



SCR 



When enlarged glands, which lie fuperficially, are at- 

 tacked with inflammation, and in danger of fuppurating, 

 Mr. Ruflell ftrongly recommends the frequent ufe of topical 

 bleeding. This author is alfo an advocate for blifters, both 

 at the commencement of the inflammation, and on its de- 

 cline. 



Wlien the fwelled glands fuppurate, and healthy inflam- 

 mation predominates, the cafe muft be treated nearly in the 

 fame way as a common abfcefs. An artiricial opening is 

 hardly ever neceifary, as the abfcefs in a fhort time burils 

 of itfelf. The only in (lance, in which the furgeon is called 

 upon to open the fuelling, is when the matter fliews a ten- 

 dency to fpread over a large fpace. When the fuppuration 

 is completely fcrofulous, a fmall opening is at length fpon- 

 taneoufly formed, through which all the matter is dil- 

 charged. The aperture, though always fmall at firlt, fome- 

 times becomes larger, and frequently it remains for a long 

 while nearly in the fame ftate, fliewing little difpofition to 

 heal, acquiring a glofl'y appearance, and becoming thick, 

 and callous at its edges. In the end, however, a cicatrix 

 is moftly produced. 



In cafes of indolent, Itationary, fcrofulous fwellings of 

 glands, where there is no hope of refolution, it has been pro- 

 pofed to remove or deftroy the difeafcd glands by exci- 

 fion, or by the application of cauftic. Such praftice has 

 been particularly fuefgcfted for glandular fwellings of the 

 neck. The fuperficial fituation of the glands of this part 

 of the body rendering them very apt to be aff^eSed by cold, 

 the viciflitudes of the weather, and other external circum- 

 flances, they muft be fubjeft to temporary imprtfliions. The 

 frequency with which they fwell, and the facility and fud- 

 dennefs with which they fometimes fubfide, afford Itrong 

 arguments againft an operation in recent cafes. In other 

 examples, where the affeftion has exilled long, it often 

 happens that other more deeply feated sjlands are alfo dif- 

 eafed, fo that the removal of an enlarged fuperficial cervi- 

 cal gland would prove a very partial and ufelefs operation, 

 and would do nothing towards the total extirpation of the 

 difeafe. 



As for the mere removal of deformity, this is not an 

 adequate reafon for the operation, which would itfelf be 

 followed by a fear, that muft disfigure the part quite as 

 much as the fwelled gland could poffibly do. Wc will fay 

 nothing of the danger and difficulty with which, in many 

 cafes, fuch an operation would be attended. 



The attempt to deftroy a fcrofulous gland in the neck 

 with cauftic would be liable to objedlions, fully as Itrong as 

 thofe which are applicable to the ufe of the knife. The 

 aftion of cauftic can never be regulated with much precifion, 

 and the cicatrix, produced in this manner, is always a con- 

 fiderable deformity. 



Firm fcrofulous tumours in the more external parts of the 

 body do not ufually require local bleeding, unlefs attended 

 with fymptoms of inflammation. It is chiefly in the early 

 flage of fuch cafes that the praftice is advantageous. In 

 general, warm fomentation, ftimulants, iffues, and blifters 

 repeated, or kept open with the favine ointment, are the 

 moft eligible remedies. Here alfo the employment of friftion 

 as a difcutlent deferves particular recommendation. Its 

 fafety, fimplicity, and efficacy, are now well acknowledged. 

 There is no fubftance interpofed between the furface of the 

 fwelling, and the hand of the perfon who is employed in 

 rubbing it, except a little flour to prevent the fltin from being 

 chafed. The fridlion is to be applied two or three hours a 

 day, and the plan continued for fome months. 



Permanent compreffion by means of tight bandages, or 

 long ftrips of adhefive plafter, is another means of reducing 



the indolent fcrofulous induration and thickening of parts. 

 But of this practice, and of dry rubbing, or fridtion, by the- 

 hand, we (hall have occafion to fpeak in a future volume. 

 See White Swelling. 



When a fcrofulous difeafe is circumfcribed and incurable, 

 and attended with fo much pain and irritation, as to injure 

 the health in a ferious and dangerous degree, the removal 

 of the part by an operation becomes indifpenfable. The 

 fymptomatic enlargement of the lymphatic glands, which are 

 nearer than the difeafe to the heart, prefents no folid objec- 

 tion to fuch practice ; for this enlargement proceeds from 

 irritation, and not from abforption ; and the glands often 

 fubfide, as foon as the original caufe of their fweUing is re- 

 moved. Ruflell on Scrofula, p. 137. 



SCROGS, in Rural Economy, a term provincially applied 

 to fuch (hinted flirubs as have been brouzed upon by cattle, 

 as hazel, &c. They are moftly met with on commons and 

 wafte lands. 



SCROLL, in Heraldry, is the ornament placed under the 

 efcutcheon, containing a motto or (hort fentence, alluding 

 fometimes to the bearings, or the bearer's name ; fometimes 

 exprefling lomewhat divine or heroic ; fometimes enigmatical, 

 &c. It is often placed by the French and Scotch above the 

 achievement ; which, according to fir J. Mackenzie, is right, 

 when the motto relates to the creft ; otherwile it (hould be 

 annexed to the efcutcheon. Thofe of the order of knight- 

 hood are generally placed round (hields. See EscROLL. 



Scroll, in Shi[>-Bmld'm^, is a fpiral moulding of the 

 volute kind, ufcd lometimes at the drifts, and the upper part 

 of the hair-bracket. A yiTo//-Z><?a(/iignifies that there is no 

 carved or ornamental figure at the head, but that the termi- 

 nation is formed and finifhed off^ by a •volute, or fcroll turn- 

 ing outwards. If the fcroll is turned off, or inwards, it is 

 then called Tijiddle-hiad. 



SCROON, in Geography. See ScAROON. 

 SCROPHULARIA, in Botany, an old name, fuppofed 

 by fome to have been given to the herbs of this genus, 

 becaufe fwine, fcrofe, were fond of them. But the moil 

 probable derivation is from Jcrophula, the kng's evil, for 

 which difeafe fome of them have been recommended as a cure ; 

 efpecially S. nodofa, whofe knobby roots, compared to fcro- 

 phulous tumours, are thought to have given rife to that opi- 

 nion. Yet there can be no doubt that one of this genus is the 

 real yxXicKli; of Diofcorides, as Fuchfius, and fome other old 

 botaniils, have maintained, which that original Greek writer 

 on the materia medica celebrates for its virtues in the above- 

 mentioned complaints, and even in cancerous ulcers. Yet 

 his identical ipecies, our S. peregrina, has no knobby roots. 

 It is probable therefore that the above explanation is of more 

 modern date, and it may account for the etymology of 

 Scrophularia, if not for the application of the herb to me- 

 dical ufe. The Galeopfis of Fuchfius is indeed f. nodofa; 

 Anguillara being, as far as we can find, the firlt writer on 

 drugs who fixed upon the precife plant of Diofcorides, .9. 

 peregrina, and whofe opinion is confirmed by the recent en- 

 quiries of Dr. Sibthorp. — Linn. Gen. 7, l 2. Schreb. 408. 

 Willd. Sp. PI. V. 3. 269. Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. Sm. Fl. 

 Brit. 662. Prodv.Fl. Graec. Sibth. V. 1.435. Ait. Hort. 

 Kew.v. 4. 22. Purfh V. 2. 419. Jufl". I19. Tourn.t.74. 



Lamarck Dift. v. 7. 27. Illuftr. t. 53;. Girtn. t. 53 



Clafs and order, Dldynamia Angtofperm'ia. Nat. Ord. 

 Perfonata, or rather Lurida, Linn. MSS. Scrophularity 

 Jufl". 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth of one leaf, inferior, with five 

 rounded fegments fliorter than the corolla. Cor. of one 

 petal, unequal, reverfed ; tube globofe, large, inflated : 

 limb very fmall, five-cleft ; its two lower fegments (turned 



uppermoft ) 



