SCROPHULARIA. 



iippermoft) largeft, ereft ; two lateral ones fpreading ; the 



odd one (tuned downwards) reflexed. Stain. Filaments 



I four, linear, the length of the corolla, declining towards 



I its lower fegment, two of them later than the others ; 



anthers two-lobed. Pi/l- Germen ovate ; ftyle iimpic, 



agreeing in length and pofition with the Itamens ; lligma 



iimple. Per'tc. Capfule roundilh, pointed, of two cells and 



two valves, bnrliing at the top ; partition double, formed 



I of tlie inflexed edges of the valves. Seeds numerous, fmall. 



I Receptacle roundi(h, protruding into each cell. 



Ed. Ch. Calyx five-cleft. Corolla nearly globular, 

 /e-verfed. Capfule fuperior, of two cells. 



I. S. marilandka, Maryland Fii>-wort. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 863. Willd. n. I. Ait. n. i. Purdi n. I. (S. nodola ^, 

 americana ; Michaux Boreali-Amer. v. 2. 21.) — Leaves 

 heart-fliaped, doubly ferratcd, acute, fmooth ; decurrent at 

 the bafe. Stem with blunt angles. Footftalks connedled 

 by a hairy line. — In low grounds, from Pennfylvania to 

 Carolina, flowering from June to Auguil, perennial. Flowers 

 greenilh-brown. Plant often more than four feet high. 

 Purjh. Mr. Miller is faid to have cultivated this herb, but 

 it is fcarcely to be met with in gardens, nor could it be ex- 

 pefted to engage much attention, being fo like other com- 

 mon fpecies, carefully weeded out of all gardens. What 

 we have been (hewn for it, in colledtions of primary autho- 

 rity, was S. peregrina. Michaux unites it witli the fol- 

 lowing, but Linnius appears correct in diftinguilhiiig them. 

 Befides the greater fv/.e oi marilandica, its lea-ves are doubly, 

 and far more coarfely, ferrated ; their bafe, though heart- 

 Ihaped, not cut away to the lateral ribs, but decurrent along 

 the footltalk. An elevated hairy line runs acrofs the Jiern, 

 from the infcrtion of oi\e footjlali to the other. 



2. S. noclofa. Knotty-rooted Fig-wort. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 S63. Willd. n. 2. Fl. Brit. n. i. Engl. Bot. t. 1544. 

 (S. major; Ger. Em. 716. Scrophularia ; Riv. Monop. 

 Irr. t. 107. f. i; alfo S. minor; ibid, fuppl.) — Leaves 

 heart-fhaped, acute, nearly equally ferrated, fmooth ; three- 

 ribbed at the bafe. Angles of the Hem acute. — Native of 

 woods and hedges, in dry, rather fertile, places, throughout 

 Europe, flowering in July and Augult. The roit is peren- 

 nial, tuberous, whitifli. Stem two or three feet high, ereft, 

 fimple, leafy, fmootli. • Leaves oppofite, llalked, neatly 

 and acutely lerrated ; of a Ihining dark green above ; paler 

 beneath. Flo-wer-Jlalks axillary and terminal, forked, an- 

 gular and glandiJar, purpliih, witli lanceolate bradeas, and 

 all together compofing a compound, terminal, upright 

 clujler, or panicle, interfperfed with a few leaves. Calyx 

 fmooth. Corrilla dull green, with a livid purple, or 

 brownifli, lip, bearing a fmall internal appendage. The 

 whole herb, when bruifed, has a fetid fcent, fomething like 

 Elder, whicli is common, under various moditications, to 

 the whole genus. 



This fpecies is mentioned, by feveral authors, as varying 

 occafionally with green foiucrs, of which we have feen an 

 initance ; as well as with three leaves together, inftead 

 of two. 



^. ?). aquatica. Water Fig-wort, or Water Betony. Linn. 

 Sp. PL 864. Willd. n. 3. FI. Brit. n. 2. Engl. Bot. 

 t. 854. Curt. Lond. fafc. 5. t. 44. Fl. Dan. t. 507. (Be- 

 tonica aquatica ; Ger. Em. 7 I y.)— Leaves heart-fliaped, 

 (talked, decurrent, obtufe. Stem winged. — Native of 

 watery places, about tlic banks of lakes and rivers, from 

 England to Greece ; very rare in Scotland, and the northern 

 pirts of Europe ; flowering in July. The root is fibrous, 

 and, we believe, perennial, tliougli IJnnscua fays biennial. 

 Whole plant larger than the laft, and diflinguifhed by the 

 membranous edges o£ its Jem, as well as blunt leaves. 



Clujler terminal, compound, brafteated, without leaves. 

 Calyx bordered with a white membrane. Lips of the corolla 

 of a deep blood-colour, with tlie fame fmall nitermediate 

 lobe as in the former. Herb fetid, fmooth. 



4. S. auriculata. Ear-leaved Fig-wort. Linn. Sp. PI, 

 864. Willd. n. 4. Ait. n. 4 — Leaves oblong-heart- 

 fliaped, doubly ferrated ; downy beneath ; with a pair of 



leaflets at their bafe. Ciufter terminal Native of Spain, 



from whence it feems Loefling fent feeds, which produced the 

 fpecimen in the Linnaean herbarium. This fpecimen appears 

 to us a mere variety of S. Scorodonia, with accidentally auri- 

 ded leaves ; whereas the fynonym of Lobel represents a 

 precifely parallel variety of S. aquatica. The figure we 

 have cited above, from Ger. Em. 715, is the fame cut as 

 Lobel's. Barrelier's t. 274 has not the charafter of the 

 auricled leaves, and the foliage is aU too long for the Scoro- 

 donia ; fee betonicifolia hereafter, n. 6. S. auriculata may 

 therefore, if we miltake not, be reduced to a variety of the 

 following fpecies. We have not examined Mr. Aiton's plant, 

 fent to Kew by Richard, in 1 772. Scopoli's auriculata, Fl. 

 Carn. t. 32, is mofl aiiuredly very different. 



5. S. Scorodonia. Balm-leaved Fig-wort. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 864. Willd. n. 6. Fl. Brit. h. 3. Engl. Bot. t. 2209. 

 (S. Scorodonire foliis ; Morif. feet. j. t. 35. Pluk. Phyt. 

 t. 59. f. 5.) — Leaves heart-fhaped, doubly lerrated ; downy 

 beneath. Chiller leafy. ^-Native of watery bufhy places in 

 Jerfey and Cornwall, as well as in Portugal and Italy, and 

 near Contlantinople, flowering towards autumn. Root pe- 

 rennial, fibrous. Stems two to four feet high, fquarc, leafy, 

 clothed, like the backs of the leaves, with foft fpreadiug 

 hairs. Leaves oppofite, ftalked, acute, various in fize, 

 veiny ; ihree-ribbed at the bafe, like S. nodofa. Flo-wer- 

 Jlalks axillary and terminal, doubly forked, conflitutiiig 3 



terminal leafy clufler, clothed with capitate glandular hairs. 

 Flowers rather fmall, of a paler more livid hue than in 

 our more common fpecies, their intermediate, or acceliory, 

 lobe green. Calyx downy, obtufe. CapJ'ule Imootii. 



6. S. betonicifolia. Betony-leaved Fig-wort. Linn. 

 Maiit. 87. Willd. n. 8. Ait. n. 7. (S. betonicae folio; 

 Tourn. Inft. 166. S. aquatica montana mollior ; Barrel. 

 Ic. t. 274.) — Leaves heart-fhaped, oblong, lomewhat 

 downy, doubly toothed ; veins radiating from tiie bafe. 

 Panicle leafy. Calyx downy. — Native of Portugal. Cul- 

 tivated by LinuKUs at Upfal. Root perennial. Stem two 

 feet high, fquare, (lightly downy, purplifh, efpecially at 

 the bottom. Leaves AX fimple, rather large, acute, broad 

 at thebaic, flrongly and fharply tootiied, each tooth again 

 notched or ferrated, even in the original fpecimen ; nor do 

 we compielieiid the dclcription of Linnxus, wiiero lie fay.? 

 " the teeth are quite entire, and therefore very like Ebulus." 

 FloiDcrJlalks branched and forked, rougii witii glandular 

 hairs, and accompanied by toothed leaves. Corolla dull 

 purple ; its little lip, or acceflory lobe, greenilh. — This is 

 nearly akin to the lafl, but we have little doubt of their 

 being diflinft fpecies. Barri-licr's figure is as good as moft 

 of his, and tolerably exprellive. What he repivfeiits as 

 lenjlets on the (talk of his feparate leaf, and which originally 

 perhaps led Linnxus to quote this plate (or his own (/wr/Vu- 

 lata, are probably fmall axillary leaves only. 



7. S. nepetifolia. Catmint-leaved Fig-wort. (S. auricu- 

 lata ; Scop. Carn. v. i. 446. t. 32.) — Leaves heart -Ihaped, 

 obtufe, nearly fmooth, fimply lerrated, on fliort tiroad loot- 

 llalks. Clufler leaflefs. Bratteas lanceolate. Caly\ fmooth. 

 Gatiiered by Scopoli on the mountains of Carniola. We 

 have a f])ecimen, f<uind by the late Ur. Broullonet at Tan- 

 gier, flowering in June, whicli aiifwcrs exailly to Scopoli's 

 defcription, and feems not refernble to any of the fpecies in 



Liniia-Uf 



