SCROPHULARIA. 



Linn!EU3 or Willdenow. In this the leaves are about an inch 

 long, on broad, flat, fmooth footjlnlls, a quarter of that 

 length, along wliich the two lateral ribs are continued, by the 

 fide of the midrib ; the margin of the leaves is neatly, regu- 

 larly, and acutely ferrated. Clufter ereft, long, quite naked, 

 except the lanceolate bra8eas ; its fide branches forked, 

 rough, with glandular hairs. Segments of the calyx ovate, 

 obtufe, fmooth, bordered with a broad white membrane, 

 within which the margin is of a brown or rufty hue, as 

 Scopoh defcribes it. He fays the corolla is jellow. 



8. S. glabrata. Spear-leaved Fig-wort. Ait. n. 6. 

 VVilld. ■ n. 7, excluding Valil's fynonym. Jacq. Hort. 

 Schoenbr. v. 2. 44. t. 209. — Leaves oblong-heart-fliaped, 

 acute, doubly ferrated, fmooth. Clutter leaflefs, panicled, 

 compound. Brafteas lanceolate. — Found in the Canary 

 iflar.ds, by Mr. MafTon, who fent it to Kew in 1779. This 

 is a biennial greenhoufe plant, flowering in April and May. 

 The^cni is rather woody, Iquare, branched, fmooth like 

 every other part of the plant. Leaves often unequal at the 

 bafe, about two inches long, on fooljlalhs half that length. 

 Clujlers long and many-flowered, with fprcadmg three-forked 

 branches ; no leaves, except at the very bottom, but many 

 lanceolate acute bralicas. Flowers of a deep blood-red. 



9. S. peregrma. Nettle-leaved Fig-wort. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 866. Willd. n. 26. Ait. u. 18. Camer. Hort. 157. 

 t. 43. Sm. Fl. Grxc. Sibth. t. 597, unpubhiTied. (S. 

 folio urtici; ; Bauh. Pin. 236. S. cretica altera ; Cluf. 

 Hilt. V. 2. 210.) — Leaves heart-fhaped, acute, (imply fer- 

 rated, fmooth and fliining. Stalks axillary, two or three- 

 flowered. Bratteas lanceolate. Calyx acute Native of 



Italy and Crete. Very common about hedges, paths, and 

 court-yards throughout Greece, as Diofcorides defcribes his 

 yoiXia\-i-, to be. We cannot but accede to the opinion of 

 Anguillara, Fuchfius, and Sibthorp, that this, and not our 

 Galeopfis, was his plant. The root is fibrous, annual, or 

 biennial. Stem two or three feet high, not much branched, 

 occafionally with five or fix angles. Leaves of a dark 

 (hining green, an inch or more in length ; we cannot agree 

 with Willdenow that the upper ones are generally entire, 

 though fuch an accident may occur ; as the upper part of 

 the Hem, now and then, in gardens, becomes elongated, and 

 the foliage in that part diminiflied in fize ; but this is rarely 

 the cafe. The natural ftate of the plant is to have axillary 



fiowcr-Jlalks from near the bottom of the fl:em to the top, 

 each bearing two, three, rarely nwcejloiuers, whofe tube, 

 as well as the limb, is of a blood colour, and the fegments 

 of the calyx are ovato-lanceolate, with Iharp points, and no 

 membranous edges. The jloiuer-Jlalhs, like the leaves which 

 they accompany, are more or lefs dillinftly alternate, rarely 

 oppofite. We have taken the liberty to remove this fpecies 

 from the end of the genus, to place it near thofe to which, 

 both on account of its fimple leaves and general habit, it is 

 moft; clofely allied. In doing this we fliall here notice three 

 others, which conclude the genus in Willdenow. Two of 

 thefe, at lead:, require to be totally expunged, and the third, 

 if it has any right to remain, mult Hand next to peregrma. 



S. cbtnenfis, Lin-i. Mant. 250, confifts of an imperfed; 

 fpecimen of what feems to be an Ocymum, accompanied by 

 a ftill more imp-rfedl branch of what may be a Celfia, or 

 Verhafcum ; but neither of them has any thing to do with 

 Scrophularia, nor was Linnceus, when he originally defcnbed 

 thefe fpecimens, at all fatisfied about them. 



S. meridianalis, Linn. Suppl. 280, fent by Mutis, is in- 

 dubitably the fame genus, and very nearly the fame fpecies, 

 as Hemimeris urt'ic'ifol'ia, Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 282, Alonfoa 

 inc'tfifolia, Alt. Hort. Kew. v. 4. 27. The capfuk only feems 

 a little more elongated, and the leaves lefs deeply cut, than in 



our garden plant ; fee HEMI^rERIS. The (h ape of the cap 

 fule is indeed important in diliinguilhing the fpecies of thi^ 

 genus. We arc at a lofs to diltinguilh Alonfoa from Hemi- 

 meris. 



10. S. cocc'tnea. Scarlet Fig-wort. Linn. Sp. PI. 866. 

 Willd. n. 25. — " Leaves ovate, four in a whorl. Flowers 

 whorled, fpiked." — Native of Vera Cruz. Houftoun fent 

 an account of this plant to Miller, by the name of S.Jtore 

 coccineo,foliis uriicie quateniis caulcm ambienlibus. Hence pro 

 bably this definition reached Linna:us, and it was all he ever 

 knew of the plant, for he had no fpecimen. We fliould not 

 befurprized if it proved another Hemimeris, which Houiloui. 

 might very excufably take for a Scrophularia. We now 

 return to more certain fpecies. 



11. S. orienialis. Hemp-leaved Fig-wort. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 864. Willd. n. 9. Ait. n. 8. " Schkuhr Handb. 

 V. 2. 196.1. 173." (S. orientalis, foliis cannabinis ; Tourn. 

 Cor. 9.) — Leaves lanceolate, (harply ferrated, oppofite or 

 whorled ; auricled at the bafe. Clulter leaflefs, with 

 whorled, corymbofe, downy, vifcid bi'anches. Flowers 

 drooping. Calyx fmooth, obtufe. — Native of the Levant ; 

 fometimes feen in botanic gardens. The root is perennial. 

 Stem with four, or more, acute angles, leafy. Leaves often 

 three or four in a whorl, widely fpreading, llalked, four or 

 five inches long and one broad, fmooth, copioully deeply, 

 and rather unequally, ferrated ; either fliarply lobed, or fur- 

 niflied with a pair of lanceolate ferrated imall leaflets, at the 

 bafe. Clujler terminal, long, ereft, its branches either op- 

 pofite, or more ufually three or four in a whorl, forked, 

 many-flowered, rough with glandular hairs, and furniihed 

 with linear braSeas, but no leaves. Flowers greeniih. 



12. S. lanceolata. Lanceolate American Fig-wort. Purfh 

 n. 2. — " Leaves lanceolate, pointed, unequally ferrated ; 

 acute at the bafe. Footitalks without appendages. Branches 

 of the panicle corymbofe." — In wet meadows and woods of 

 Pennfylvania, flowering in Auguft and September. Peren- 

 nial. Flaivers greenifli-yellow. Purfl}. This feems nearly 

 related to tlie lalt, to which the author has not adverted. 

 We have feen no fpecimen. 



13. S. allaica. White-flowered Fig-wort. Murr. in 

 Comm. Gott. V. 4. 35. t. 2. Willd. n. 13. Ait. n. 10. — 

 Leaves heart-fliaped, nearly fmooth,. doubly toothed, fome- 

 what lobed ; the lower teeth turned towards the bafe. Cluf- 

 ter tei-minal, compound. Bracleas lanceolate. Calyx acute. 

 — Native of the Altai mountains of Sibejia. Introduced 

 into our gardens by Mr. Hunnemann in 1786, where it 

 proves a hardy perennial, flowering in May and June. The 



Jlem is furrowed, one or one and a half foot high, oblcurely 

 angular, fcarcely branched. Leaves on long ftalks, of a 

 broad roundilh-heart-ftiaped figure, with ftrong branching 

 ribs, pliant, nearly fmooth, fomewhat finuated, fliarply 

 toothed. Flowers pale yellow, or whitifli, larger than the 

 following, from which they are eflentially diilinguiflied by 

 the lanceolate acute fegments of their calyx. 



14. S. venialis. Yellow Fig-wort. Linn. Sp. PI. 864. 

 Willd. n. 14. Fl. Brit. n. 4. Engl. Bot. t. 567. Fl. 

 Dan. t. 411. (S. flore luteo ; Ger. Em. 717. Bauli. 

 Prodr. 112. Riv. Monop. Irr. t. 107. f. 2. S. montana 

 maxima latifolia, flore luteo ; Barrel. Ic. t. 273.) — Leaves 

 hcart-fliaped, doubly ferrated, downy. Flower-llalks axil- 

 lary, folitary, forked, leafy. Calyx obtufe. Limb of the 

 corolla minute. — Native of bufliy places in Italy, Switzer- 

 land, and Germany, as well as in fome parts of England, but 

 rarely. It is biennial, flowering in April and May. Stem 

 two feet, or more, in height, with four or five angles, in 

 which latter cafe the leaves grow three togetlier. They are 

 flalked, broad, acute, pale green, copiouily veined, moll 



hairv 



