SCR 



green, and very fmall. T]\e J!otvers zrt all nearly feflile ; 

 nine on the lowed branches of the clufter, feven on thofe 

 about the middle ; five or three on the uppermoft. Calyx 

 with a white membranous edge, as in all this tribe. 



27. S. Uv'tda. Livid Fig-wort. Sm. Prodr. Fl. Grxc. 

 ■^ibth. n. 1457. Fl. GrEc. t. 601, unpublithed. — Leaves 

 pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, decurrent, angular and cut, all 

 uniform. Stem fquare. Clufter leaflefs, ftraight ; its 

 Inanches forked, with from three to feven flowers. Corolla 

 with an nitermediate lobe. — Gathered by Dr. Sibthorp in 

 Afia Minor, probably near Smyrna. This appears to be 

 annual, and differs from the laft in the uniformity, lighter 

 colour, end fmaller fize, of its leaves, whofe fegments are 

 fmall, wedge-fliaped, angular and channelled. The inflo- 



•fcence is fimilar, but more flL-nder and condenfed. Two 

 ipper fegments, and intermediate lobe, of the corolla pale 



purple, or lilac-coloured ; lateral and lower ones, like the 



tube, of a light green. 



28. S. bicolor, Striped-flou-ereJ Fig-wort. Sm. Prodr. 

 Fl. Grxc. Sibth. n. 1458. Fl. Grxc. t. 602, unpublidied. 

 (S. chryfanthemifolia ; Marfch. von Bieberit. in Sims and 

 Kon. Ann. of Bot. v. 2. 446? S. orientalis, chryfanthemi 

 folio, flore minimo variegato ; Tourn. Cor. 9.) — Leaves 

 bipinnate, narrow, (harply cut. Stem round. Cluiter 

 leaflefs ; its branches fimply forked, their divifions racemofe. 

 Flowers ftalked, without an intermediate lobe.^Native of 

 Sicily and the Levant. A tall, branching, panicled fpecies, 

 with very narrow, fmooth, (hining leaves, whofe fegments 

 are fliarply cut and pointed. The injlorej'cence forms a large 

 compound panicle, with numerous lanceolate braSeas. Calyx 

 elegantlv bordered with a purple line, within its white mar- 

 ginal membrane. The two upper, as well as the lowelt, 

 lobes of the corolla are of a blood-red, edged with white, 

 the two lateral ones pure white ; tube blood-red, pale at the 

 bafe. We have little doubt of Tournefort's fynonym, 

 which is fo very appofite in charafter ; refpefting that of 

 Von Bieberftein, we are more doubtful. The prcfent ele- 

 gant fpecies is lefs naturally allied to the two lalt, than to 

 (ome of thofe immediately preceding them ; but its leaves 

 are more finely divided than in any other known Scrophu- 

 lar'ia. 



The whole genus is more or lefs foetid when bruifed, 

 and of a noxious quality to moft of the larger animals. 



Sc'ROPHULARiA, in Garilcning, comprifes plants of the 

 fibrous-rooted, herbaceous, and Ihrubby kinds, of which tlie 

 fpecies cultivated arc, the flirubby fig-wort { S. frutefcens) ; 

 the three-leaved fig-wort (S. trifoliata) ; the clder-leavcd 

 fig-wort (S. fambucifolia) ; and the fliining-lcaved tig-wort 

 (S. lucida). 



Melh'jil nf Culture. — Thefc plants may be ir.crcafcd by 

 feeds, which (hould be fown in autumn in the borders or other 

 places where the plants are to remain. T!ie plants (liould be 

 kept tree from weeds ; when the roots continue IVveral years, 

 unlefs dcflroyed by fevere frofts. It is therefore a good 

 praftice to have fome in pots prote£led by a frame and 

 glaflcs : and as the young plants flower the ftrongeif, a 

 proper fuccefTion (hould be fown annually. They may 

 alfo be fomctimes raifed from the parted roots ; and the 

 flirubby forts by cuttings or flips in the fummer or fpring 

 months. 



They afford ornament and variety in the clumps and 

 borders, as well as other parts, of pleafure grounds : alfo 

 when fet out among colleftionf, in pots. 



SCROPHULARIjE, in Botany, a natural order of 

 plants, named from one of the moft remarkable and belU 

 ^known gener.i, fee Scrophulari.'v ; making the fortieth 



SCR 



order in Juflieu's fyftem, or the feventh of his eighth clafs ; 

 fee Labiate, and Gentiante. See alfo Pehsoxat*, a 

 Lmnsean order, to which that under confideration is, in a 

 great part, parallel. Tlie charader of the Scrophularit is 

 thus given by JufReu. 



Calyx divided ; often permanent. Corolla often irregular ; 

 divided in the limb. Stamens often four, two longer than 

 the others; rarely only two in all. Style om; ftigma fimple 

 or two-lobed. Fruit capfular, of two cells, fplit at the 

 fummit, if not completely feparated, into two valves, which 

 are in fome few inftances divided again into two parts ; their 

 infide is naked and concave, with a central receptacle, 

 bordered vertically all round, and bearing feeds at each fide, 

 fupplying the place of a partition, being parallel to the 

 valves, and often coimefted, in its whole circumference, with 

 their margins. Seeds often numerous and minute. Stem 

 herbaceous, rarely flirubby. Leaves oppofite or alternate. 

 Floiuers brafteated. 



Seftion i. Stamens four, two longer and two fhorter. 



Bvddleia ; Scopar'ta; Ru^tlja of Jzcqmn ; Capraria ; Sle- 

 modia ; HaUeria ; GalveiLta of Dombey ; Achimenes of 

 Browne; Scrophularia ; Ma/r7;/rM of Aublet, fufpcftcd by 

 Schreber to be a Var.dellia ; Dodartia ; Gerardia ; Cymharia; 

 Linaria of Tournef'ort ; Antirrhinum, comprehending A/arina 

 of Tournefort ; Hemimcris ; and Digitalis. 



Seftion 2. Stamens two. 



Ptederota; C:dceolaria ; and 5^a of Commerfon. 



Scftioii 3. Genera akin to Scrophularia, with oppofite 

 leaves. 



Columnea ; Bcjleria ; Cyrtar.dra of Forller ; Gratiola ; 

 Torenia ; Fandellia ; Lindernia : Mimulus ; Polypremtim ; 

 and Montira of Aublet. 



Sedlion 4. Genera akin to Scrophulartt, with alternate 

 leaves. 



Schwr.lhea ; Scbwenkia ; and Browallia. 



SCROPHULOUS Tumours, in Nogs, fwellings of the 

 glands about the ;;ecks and other parts of them, arifing from 

 colds and obftrudions caufcd in other ways. They may 

 moftly be removed by mild camphorated mercurial ointments, 

 ufed two or three times in the day to the difeafed parts. 

 See Hog and Swinf. 



SCROTOCELE, in iSwrffrji, a hernia, or rupture, whick 

 has defcendcd into the fcrotum. . 



SCROTUM, in Anatomy, the bag of flcis which contains 

 the tcfticles. See Generation. 



SCROWLS, or Scrolls, in Archiiedure. See Volute. 



SCRUB, in Geography, one of the fmaller Virgin illands, 

 in the Weft Indies. 



SCRUPI, in Natural ffi/lory, the name of a clafa of 

 foffils, formed in detached niafles, without any crulls ; of no 

 determinate figure, or regular ftruttiire ; and compofed of 

 a cryftalline or fparry matter, debafed by an admixture of 

 earth, in various proportions. 



Under this clafs are comprehended, i. The telaugia. 

 2. Thepetridia. 3. The lilhozugia. 4. The jafpides, or 

 jafpcrs. 



All thefe genera ftrike fire witli fteel, only fome more 

 readily tlian others. 



SCRUPLE, ScuiPULlis, Scrupulum, or Scripulum, the 

 leafl of the weights ufed by tin. ancients, which, aniongft 

 the Romans, was the twenty-fourlii part of an ounce, or 

 the tliird part of a draclim. 



SrRiii'i.E is Hill a weigiit among us, containing the third 

 part of a drachm, or twenty grains. 



Among goldfmiths the fcruple is twenty-four grains. 



ScHUi'LK, in Chronology. The Clialdec Icruplc is t-eVr 

 H 2 pan 



