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ScuDERl, in Geography, a mountain of Sicily, in the 

 lley of Demoiia, lo miles S.W. of Meflina. Next to 

 iitna, this is thehigheil mountain in Sicily, and retains fnow 

 all the year. 



SCUDO, in Commerce, a money of account, and alfo 

 :' filviT coin, in different parts of Italy, in Sicily, and alfo 

 Malta. At Rome, accounts are kept in crowns or fcndi, 

 led fcudi romani, and fcndi moneta ; each fcndo being 

 ided into lo paoli or giuli, and each paolo into lo ba- 

 i.clii. The fcudo is liiiewife divided into 3! teltoni, 500 

 ) quattrini, or 1000 mezzi quattrini : fo that 5 quattrini make 

 : paolo, and 3 paoli i teilone. The fcudo di itampa d'oro, 

 which many of the foreign exchanges are regulated, is 

 ivoned at 1523 or 1525 mezzi quattnni ; that is, when a 

 is drawn from Rome on a foreign place, the fcudo di 

 ipa d'oro is reckoned at 1523 mezzi quattrini ; but 

 .n d'awn from another place on Rode, it is reckoned at 

 i^2j ditto: this fcudo is divided into 20 foldi, or 240 

 (i-iiari. Among the filver coins are fcudi romani, and half 

 ■';o. The fcudo weighs 22 denari lOx'oV gf'ains, Roman 

 Tht, or 4o8-,VV Englifti grains; and the fdver is IO|4 

 ces fine in the lb. ; it therefore contains 403 grains of 

 (lifli ftandard filver, and is worth 4/. ^iL llerling. The 

 IluJo di ftampa d'oro, of 1523 mezzi quattrini, is worth 

 'S;. -\d. llerling ; and the paoli, ^\d. ilerling nearly ; or i/. 

 fierling = 4 fcudi 62 bajocchi, all valued in fdver. All 

 payments above 5 fcudi are made in cedole, or fcliedules, a 

 fort of bank notes, which cannot be refufed in payment, 

 and which are conftantly at a djfcount. At Malta, accounts 

 are kept in fcudi of 12 tari, each taro being iubdivided 

 into 2 carlini, 20 grani, or 120 piccioli. Thefe monies of 

 account are valued in filver and copper money, filver money 

 being to copper money as 3 to 2. At Mantua, a fcudo of 

 account is 6 lire, or 120 foldi. At Milan, a fcudo di cani- 

 bio, or imperiale, is reckoned at 5 lire 17 foldi, or 117 

 foldi imperiali ; a fcudo corrente at 5 hre 15 foldi, or iiy 

 foldi correnti : 1219 fcudi imperiali are equivalent to 1755 

 fcudi correnti. Among the filver coins are fcudi of 18 

 denari 21/,- grani, at 6 lire, and halves in proportion. 

 In copper the fcudi are about 10 denari 18 grani (or 100/.. 

 15 dwts.) fine; but the lire are only 6 denari 14 gram (or 

 60Z. I li dwts.) fine. The fcudo imperiale is woith 5^. 2^^/., 

 and the fcudo corrente 3/. 'ji/l- If valued in gold, the 

 fcudo corrente is worth 3^. 6\d. flerling. Accordi;ig to tt e 

 mint price of gold and filver in England, viz. 3/. 17^. io\d. 

 fer omice for gold, and p. id. per ounce for filver, the fcudo 

 of 7 lire at Bergamo is 35''. 67 in filver, and 36''.50 in gold : 

 — At Florence the fcudo d'oro, or gold crown, is 63"'. 97 in 

 gold: — at Genoa, the fcudo di cambio, or crown of ex- 

 change, is worth 36''. 75 in filver, and 36''.02 in gold ; and 

 the fcudo d'oro marche 85''.49 in filver, and 83''. 77 in eold : 

 — at Lucca, the fcudo d'oro is 55''.50 in filver, and 58''.27 

 in gold ; the fcndo corrente 51''. 80 in filver, and 54''.39 in 

 gold: — at Malta, the fcudo, or crown, is 2 [''.32 in filver, 

 and 23''. 34 in gold: — at Milan, the fcndo imperiale is 

 6o''.90 in filver, and 6l"'.6o in gold ; and the fcudo cor- 

 rente 42''.32 in filver, and 42''.78 in gold : — at Novi, the 

 fcudo d'oro marche is 85''.49 in filver, and 83''.77 in 

 gold : — at Rome, the fcudo, or crown, is 5 2''. 05 in filver, 

 and 5l''.63 in gold ; and the fcudo di llampa d'oro 79''. 37 

 in filver, and 78''.73 in gold : — at Sicily, the fcndo, or 

 crown, is 49*'.o2 in filver, and 49''.92 in gold. For the 

 aflay, value, &c. of the fcudo, fee the table under Coin. 

 For the imprefTions on the fcudo, and other particulars, we 

 refer to Kelly's Univerfal Cambifl. 



SCUFFLE, or ScuFi'iER, in yjgricuhure, an implement 

 of fomewhat the fame kind as the fcarifier, but which is 



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moftly lighter, and employed in working after it. There 

 IS a great variety of thefe forts of implements defcribed in 

 works on agriculture. The following have been found to 

 perform the work well in adual pradice. It is noticed, that a 

 tool of this fort, invented in Norfolk, has been found iiighly 

 ufeful in that dillrift. It is defcribed in the Agricultural 

 Survey of the above county as being formed from a double- 

 brealled foot-plough, by taking off the breafts, and having 

 a fliare larger and flatter than the original one made. To 

 the end of the beam of the plough, a crofs-beam of wood, 

 three feet long, four inches broad, and four inches thick, is 

 fattened ; and at the dillance of twelve indies and a half 

 each way from the centre. of this crofs-beam, are inferted 

 two coulters, each twelve inches long, three inches broad, 

 and a quarter of an inch thick on the back, but reduced to 

 three-eighths in the front ; and into thefe coulters, at the 

 bottom, are rivetted two fhares, of nearly the fame fize as 

 the firft fliare, which vifas nine inches broad, but thefe two 

 only eight inches. The crofs-beam is flrengthencd by two 

 iron reins fixed to the crofs-beam, and alio to the beam of 

 the plough, in the beft manner for the purpole. 



It may alfo be noticed, that the coulters which are fixed 

 to the crofs-beam do not ftand perpendicularly ; but in- 

 clining, as the coulter at the head of the plough : thus 

 they are fixed into a crofs-beam by means of a fcrew and a 

 nut, fo as to keep them quite fall and Heady. 



The advantage of this fcuffler above any that the in- 

 ventor has feen is, that it is ufed with two liorfes only. It 

 does the work of more than two ploughs, as the three fhares 

 cut nearly the width of thirty inches, whereas two ploughs 

 would cut only twenty-four inches. It is ufed on farms 

 which confift of heavy land, as well as land of a mixed foil. 

 But a fcuffle recommended by Mr. Amos is occafionally 

 much in ufe ; which has wheels on which it is carried from 

 one field to another, and by which the depth of working is 

 regulated. Thefe wheels turn round upon their axles, and 

 alfo upon the under end of the upright fhaiik, in imitation of 

 bed-callors. The middle beams are the parts to which the 

 horles are fixed ; but there are likewife fide-beams ; and 

 the flianks of the lllares are fixed in the beams by nuts and 

 fcrews. They are fifteen inches long below the beams, 

 and made of iron, one inch and a half by half an inch 

 fquare : they are rivetted on their Ihanks. The handles for 

 managing the machine are about four feet three inches long. 

 This implement is faid to be of great utility in cleaning 

 bean and pea Hubbies, in order to their being fown witu 

 wheat. And it is very advantageous in deftroying weeds 

 upon fallows, where jjloughing might be injurious, cither 

 on account of the land being too moilt or very light in its 

 quality. It is likewife admirably adapted to the cleaning 

 ot land that has been fown with the garden pea, in order 

 to its being ploughed, harrowed, rolled, and drilled with 

 turnips or rape-feed in the latter end of fummer, at the 

 beginning of Augull. 



And with this tool it is alTerted that one man and two 

 horfes are capable of fcuffling fix or eight acres per day. 

 It is advifed, that after the land is fcuffled over, it (iiould be 

 harrowed twice or three times in a place, and the weeds 

 colledled and dellroycd. But it has been made an objec- 

 tion to thefe forts of tools with lome, that they cannot be 

 made to operate in a beneficial manner, except where the 

 land has been previoufly brought into a fine condition, and 

 rendered clear from weeds. Thefe, as well as Icarifying 

 implements, arc likewife liable lo objection from their being 

 fubjedt to clog much when the lands arc wet. A tool 

 of this fort has however been employed in the midland 

 dillrids, which is faid to be in a great raealure free from 

 a the 



