SCULPTURE. 



painted blue ; the fides have tlic piftures of Panxnus. 

 Amonp thefe is Atlas fuftaining Heaven and Earth. Her- 

 •:\iles ftands near him lifting off his burden. Here are alfo 

 iiL-n Thefeus and Perithous. Grascia and Salamis, two 

 iiiiures ; the kit of which carries a roltrum in her hand. 

 Hercules' flrife with the Nemean lion. Ajax under the re- 

 iiroach of Caflandra. Hyppodamia, daughter of Oenomaus, 

 ith her mother. Prometheus bound in chains, Hercules 

 iming to his help ; Hercules alfo, having (lain the eagle, 

 which was the punifhment of Prometheus on Caucafus, de- 

 livering him from his chains. On the hinder part is painted 

 Penthefilea dying, Achilles iupporting her. Tlie two 

 Hefperides bearing the apples of which they had the keep- 

 ing. Panpenus, the brother of Phidias, who did thefe, 

 painted alfo, in the Poccile of Athens, the battle of Mara- 

 tlion. Upon the throne, above the head of the god, Phi- 

 dias carved the Graces and the Hours. Three of them 

 large ; thefe are called daughters of Jove. Upon the 

 feat, lions of gold, and Thefeus warring with the Ama- 

 zons. Upon the bafe of the throne, which great male was 

 wrought in gold, are other ornaments relating to the god. 

 Tlie nfing Sun in his chariot, and Jupiter and Juno, and by 

 them the Graces ; thefe lead Hermes, and Hermes, Velta. 

 Cupid alfo from the fea receiving Venus, who was crowned 

 by Perfuafion. Apollo was with Diana, and Minerva with 

 Hercules ; and on the loweft part of all was Neptune, and 

 the Moon in her chariot urging on her horfes. 



The temple at Elis alfo, which contained this aftonifliing 

 ilatue, was itfelf a noble work of Doric architefture ; the 

 architeft was Libon, an Elean. The fculptures on the 

 outfide of the temple have a relation to the great work 

 within. A gilded Viftory crowns the whole. In the front 

 pediment is the conteit of the chariot race between Pelops 

 and Oenomaus, and in the back pediment the Lapitha; and 

 Centaurs, with the nuptials of Perithous ; and in the temple, 

 and over the doors, the labours of Hercules in very many 

 compofitions, which are the work of Alcamenes. The 

 temple has brazen doors and an interior portico, which opens 

 an entrance to the Itatue of Jupiter : under the ilatue is in- 

 iciibed " Phidias, the fon of Charmides the Athenian, made 

 me." 



It may be proper to take notice in this place, of another 

 temple dedicated to Jupiter Olympiu;;, at Athens, by the 

 emperor Adrian, and in it a coloiial Ilatue of ivory and 

 gold, defcribed as not inferior to the colofluies of Rhodes 

 and of Rome. 



Paufanias defcribes alfo a temple and Itatue of .iEfculapius 

 It Corinth, in the following manner. Tiie Ilatue of JE,(cu- 

 iapius is almoll half the fize of the Olympian Jupiter at 

 Athens. It is of gold and ivory, and is the work of Thrafy- 

 medes, the fon of Arignotus, a man of Paros. He is feateJ 

 on a throne, holding a great ftalF, and with his other hard 

 nrefling the head of a ferpent ; a dog lies at his feet ; in liis 

 lirone the afts of the Argive heroes are fctilpturcd ; Bel- 

 lerophon killing Cliimira. Perfeus holds Medufa's head 

 cut off. Above the temple are places where thofe who 

 come to pray to the god repofe. 



Several other llatues of great excellence, both in marble 

 and bronze, are mentioned among the works of Phidias, 

 particularly a Venus, placed by the Romans in the forum of 

 Odtavia. Two Minervas, one furnam.ed Callimorplios, 

 from tlic beauty of its form ; and it is likely that the fine 

 itatue of this goddefs in Mr. Hope's inufeum is a repetition 

 in marble of Phidias's bronze, from its refcmblance to the 

 reverfe of an Athenian filver coin, in attitude, drapery, and 

 helmet. Another ilatue by Phidias was an Amazon, called 

 Eucnemon, from her beautiful leg ; of which there i» a print 

 in the Mufeum Pium Clementinura. 



Alcamenes was celebrated for his Venus Aphrodite, to 

 which Phidias is faid to have given the laft touches. 



Praxiteles excelled in the highcd graces of youth and 

 beauty : Pliny fays he not only excelled other fculptors by 

 his marble ftatues in the Ceramicus at Athens ; but hu Venus 

 was preferable to theirs, and all other llatues in tlie world, to 

 fee which many failed to Gnidos. This fculptor having 

 made two Venules, one with drapery, the other without ; 

 the Coans preferred the clothed figure, on account of its 

 fevere modefty. The fame price being fet upon each, the 

 citizens of Gnidos took the rejefted ilatue, and afterwards 

 refufed it to king Nicomedes, who would have forgiven 

 them an iinmenfe debt in return ; being refolved, fays our 

 author, and with realon, to luifer any thing, fo long as the 

 ftatue of Praxiteles ennobled Gnidos. The temple was en- 

 tirely open in which it was placed ; becaufe every view was 

 equally admirable. The figure is known by the defcriptions 

 of Lucian and Cedrenus ; and it is reprefented on a medal 

 of Caracalla and Plautilla, in the cabinet of France. This 

 Venus exilled in Gnidos during the reign of the emperor 

 Arcadius, or about 400 years after Chrill. 



This itatue feems to offer the firit idea for the Venus dc 

 Medicis ; which is likely to be the repetition of another 

 Venus, alfo the work of this artill, mentioned by Pliny. 



On the reverfe of the emprefs Lucilla's medals, is i 

 clothed Venus, with an apple in her right hand ; which, from 

 the grace of its attitude, and its refemblance to feveral antique 

 marble ftatues, is likely to be the clothed Venus chofen by 

 the Coans. 



Among the known works of Praxiteles, are his fatyr, 

 cupid, Apollo, the lizard-killer, and Bacchus leaning on a 

 fawn. 



The celebrated Venus of Gnidos was found, about 

 eighteen years fince, in the neighbourhood of Rome, which 

 was afterwards the property of duke Brafchi, nephew of 

 the late pope Pius VI. 



Polycletus of Sicyon, the fcholar of Agelades, was parti, 

 cularly celebrated on account of his Doryphorus, or lance- 

 bearer ; and Diadumenus, or youth binding a fillet round 

 his head. This ftatue was valued at an hundred talents. The 

 Doryphorus was called the Kule by artilts, from wliich 

 they fhidied. 



The Difcobolus of Myron is afcertained by an antique 

 gem, and the defcription of Quintilian, who apologizes for 

 its forced attitude. An ancient example of lliis figure is 

 in the Britifli Mufeum. 



The Difcobolus of Naucydas is uniformly admired for it* 

 forms and momentary balance. 



The wounded man, in which might be feen liow much of 

 life remained in fiim, was the famous work of Ctcfilaus, and 

 perhaps is the fame as the ftatue commonly called the Dying 

 Gladiator, but more properly a dying herald, or hero, ac- 

 cording to Winckciman. 



Ctefilaus, or Dcfilaus. is known by his wounded Amazon. 



Pliny mentions the nine mufes by Philifcus of Riiodes ; 

 and the mufcs alfo, brought by Fulvius Nobilior to Rome. 

 From one of thefe feries mull be the greater number of thofe 

 formerly in tlie pope's mufeum, now in the g:iilery of France, 

 of which tlie Comedy is remarkable for grace, and the 

 Tragedv for grandeur. 



Tiie Hermaphrodite of Polycles is one of the moll delicate 

 and graceful productions of antiquity. 



Tile Apollo Philelius, or 111 love, by Canachus is wit- 

 nefled by many hue repetition"; in the different galleries of 

 Europe. . 



The Ganymede, borne in the eagle's talons, is rxaftly 



defcribed by Pliny. An example of this work exifti m 



the pope's inufeum. 



^ ^ K 2 The 



