SCULPTURE. 



Mutianus, thrice conful, brought not fewer from Athens : 

 from Olympia and Delphis, it is behaved, a greater 

 number. 



What mortal can recount thofe which are mod diftin- 

 gui(hed or noted for fome reafm or other ; indeed, to 

 have named the diilinguiftied artiits would be a plea- 

 furablc talk. Their number alfo is infinite, when Lyfippus 

 alone produced to the number of 6io works, which were 

 all famous ; their number appeared at his death, when 

 his heirs opened his treafures ; he was uled, on receiving 

 his payment, to dcpofit a golden denarius for every work. 

 The art, in the fuccels of its darings, is elevated above 

 human faith. One example of this fuccefs we (hall offer : 

 the fimilitude exprefltd is not of God nor of man. Our 

 age faw in the Capitol, before it was confumed in the fire 

 of VitcUius's times, in the chapel of Juno, a dog of brafs, 

 licking his own wound, whole moll wonderful and un- 

 equalled verifimilitude iuggefted the reafon why it was dedi- 

 cated : the hfe of its keepers was pledged for its fafety. 

 Innumerable are fuch daring examples of art : malles have 

 been dcvifed equal to towers. Statues which are called 

 Coloilufes, inch is Apollo in the Capitol, brought by M. 

 LucuUhs from ApoUonia, a city of Pontus, of 30 cubits : 

 its expence was 5C0 talents. Such, in the Campus Martins, 

 is the Jupiter dedicated by Claudius Casfir, which is 

 called the Pompcian, from its vicinity to Pompey's theatre. 

 Such is that at Tarentum, made by Lyfippus, of 40 cubits ; 

 admirable in this, the hand being Ilretched out and in danger 

 of being broken by the llormy wind ; the artitl therefore 

 provided, it is faid, within a little mterval, an oppofing 

 column, to prevent a great wind from breaking his work. 

 Confequently, becaufe of its magnitude, and the labour re- 

 quired, Fabius V^errucofus did not meddle with it at the time 

 he brought from hence the Hercules which is in the Capitol. 

 But above all, as objects of admiration, was the Coloffas of the 

 fun of Rhodes, by Chares the Lindian, the difciple of Ly- 

 fippus before mentioned, 70 cubits in height. This ftatue, 

 after 56 years, was thrown down by an earthquake, but lying 

 prollrate it was ftill a wonderful fpedlacle ; few could clafp 

 round its thumb ; its fingers were larger than whole ftatues. 

 The vaft caverns of its broken members were difplaved 

 within great maffes of Hone, whofe weight kept it fteadfaft. 

 Twelve years it was in making, at the expence of 300 

 talents, which were fupplied by king Demetrius, being in- 

 terrupted by the tedioulnefs of delay. There are other lefs 

 CoIofTules in this city, 100 in number, each of which would 

 ennoble the place wherefoever it was fixed. BeCdes thefe 

 were thofe of the five gods made by Bryaxis, who made 

 many Colollufes in Italy, in particular an Apollo, which is 

 feen in the Tufcan library of Auguilus, 50 feet high, of 

 fine brafs, and exquifite workmanlhip. Sp. Carrilius made 

 a Jupiter, which is in the Capitol, from the breaft-plates, 

 helmets, and greaves taken from the Samnites, of an ampli- 

 tude to be feen from the temple ot Jupiter Latiaris. The 

 reft of the figures which are before the feet of the ftatue, are 

 alfo from his file. Two heads alfo are admired in the fame 

 Capitol, which P. Lentulus, the conful, dedicated, one made 

 by Chares above Ipoken of, the other by Decius, overcome in 

 the comparifon to that degree, as feemed by no means pro- 

 bable, according to the works of the artill. But in ftatues 

 of that kind, Zenodorus in our age has excelled. He made 

 a Mercury in the city of Gallia Arvernis, the labour of 

 ten years, which was afterwards fo approved, that he was 

 called to Rome by Nero, where he was defired to make the 

 coloffal ftatue of that prince 1 10 feet high, which (hould be 

 dttdicated to the fun, by way of reverence, and which is 

 among the atrocities of this prince. It is wonderful that in 

 his worklhop there does not remain any clay model of this 



work of a large fize, but there are many firft /ketches in fmall, 

 like firll attempts. This ftatue indicates that the art of 

 founding in brafs is perilhed. 



Nero had prepared liberally both gold and filver, and 

 Zenodorus in modelling and carving is not confidered as infe- 

 rior to any of the ancients. When he had finifhed the ftatue 

 for the Arvernians, Vibius Avitus, being the prefident of that 

 province, two cups were fculptured by the hand of Calamis, 

 which Germanicus Caefar highly valuing, gave to his pre- 

 ceptor, CafTius Syllanus, his uncle. As much as the excel- 

 lence of Zenodorus was greater, fo much may be found the 

 decay in works of brafs. 



The ftatues which are called Corinthian are for the moft 

 part fuch as may be carried from place to place. Such was 

 that of the Sphynx, which Hortenfius, the orator, received 

 as a prefent from Verres, and occafioned a reply from 

 Cicero. When Hortenfius faid, in altercation with him, " I 

 do not underftand your enigma ;" Cicero repUed, " 5fou 

 ought, for you have the Sphynx at home." Nero, the em- 

 peror, it is faid, took about with him a ftatue of an Ama- 

 zon. And a little before our time, C. Cellius, the conful., 

 always carried an image with him in the field of battle. 

 Alexander the Great had a tent fuftained by four fingle 

 ftatues, of which two are now dedicated before the temple 

 of Mars the Avenger, and the other two before the palace. 

 The art is ennobled by almoft innumerable leffer ftatues. Be- 

 fore all, Phidias the Athenian made a Jupiter of ivory and 

 gold. He alfo made flatues in brafs. He flourifhed in the 

 84th Olympiad, about 300 years from the building of Rome. 

 In the fame period his emulators were Alcamenet, Critias, 

 Neftocles, and Hegias. Afterwards, in the 87th Olympiad, 

 Agelades, Callon, Polycletus, Phradmon, Gorgias, Lacon, 

 Myron, Pythagoras, Scopas, and Parelius. Among thefe, 

 Polycletus had for his difciples Argius, Afopodorus, Alexis, 

 Ariftides, Phrynon, Dirion, Athenodorus, Dameas, and My- 

 ron. In the 95th Olympiad flourifhed Naucydes, Dinomenes, 

 Canachus, and Patrocles. In the I02d, Polycles, Cephillodo- 

 rus, Leocharcs, and Hypatodorus. In the 104th, Praxiteles 

 and Euphranor. In the 107th, Echion and Ttierimachus. In 

 the 1 14th was Lyfippus, in the time of Alexander the Great ; 

 and at the fame time Lyfiltratus and his brother Sthenis, Eu- 

 phronides, Softratus, Ion, Silanion, who was admirable, 

 none being more learned. He had for difciples Zeuxis and 

 Jades. In the 120th Olympiad, Eutychides, Euthycrates, 

 Dahippus, Cephiflbdcrus, Timarchus, and Pyromachus. 

 The art then ceafed. And again, in the 125th, revived, 

 though allowed to be inferior, yet approved ; Antasus, Cal- 

 liftratus, Polycles, AthenaEus,Calhxenus, Pyihocles, Pythias, 

 and Timocles. We Ihall pafs haftily over the moft diftin- 

 guifhed of the celebrated artifls in their diitindt ages. A 

 Venus was made with a kind of emulative contention, as for- 

 merly they made an Amazon, which was dedicated in the 

 temple of Diana, at Ephefus : that work was approved 

 which every artiil judged to be next in merit to his own. 

 This was the work of Polycletus ; the next was Phidias, 

 the third Ctefilaus, the fourth Cydon, the fifth Phrad- 

 mon. Phidias, befides the Jupiter Olympius, which no 

 one attempted to rival, made alfo, from gold and ivory, 

 Minerva at Athens, which ftands in the Parthenon. Of 

 brafs, alfo, before that Amazon juft mentioned, he made a 

 Minerva of fupreme beauty, from which it received the 

 name of Callimorphos. He made alfo Cliduchus, or the 

 key-bearer, and another Minerva, which iEinihus Paulus 

 dedicated at Rome in the temple of Fortune. Alfo two 

 ftatues clothed in the pallium, which Catullus dedicated in 

 the fame temple, and another which was coloffal, naked. 

 He firft difcovered the art of alto relievo, and demonllrated 

 its merit. Polycletus of Sicyon was the difciple of Age- 

 lades ; 



