SCULPTURE. 



lades ; he made a ftatue of tender youth, called Diadumerius, 

 from his bindinjr on a garland, valued at one hundred talents. 

 Alfo one called Doryphorus, from his carrying a Ipear, a 

 youth in the vigour of his age. He made alfo what by ar- 

 tifts was called the Rule, feeking the lines of art from it as 

 from a certain law. He was the only man who made art its 

 own judge. He alfo made a ftrigilift, and one throwing a 

 die ; alfo two boys at the dice, which are called Aftra- 

 gali/ontes ; they are in the emperor Titus's court. No work 

 is judged to be more perfeft tlian this. Alfo a Mercury, 

 which belonged to Lyfimachus, and Hercules fullaining 

 Antsus from the earth, which is at Rome ; alfo Artemon, 

 an effeminate voluptuary, who was called Pcriphoretos, 

 from his being borne about in his couch. He was judged to 

 have perfefted the fcience. He was alfo highly flcilled in alto 

 rehevo, which had been firit difcovered by Phidias. But 

 what was peculiarly his own, he found out the balance of the 

 figure on one leg ; notwithitanding, as Varro reports, his 

 figures were fquared, and all imitated from one example. 

 Myron, born at Eleutheria, the difciple of Agelades, was 

 Tery famous for a heifer, praifed in celebrated verfes, whereas 

 many are commended more by the ingenuity of others than 

 their own. He made a dog and Difcobolus ; Perfea, fea- 

 monfters, and a fatyr admiring the pipes ; a Minerva ; a Pen- 

 tathlos, or mafter of the five excrcifes ; a pancratiaft or 

 boxer ; a Hercules alfo, which is at the Circus Maximus 

 of Pompey the Great. He made alfo the monument of a 

 jirafs-hopper and locufts, to which Erinna refers in her verfes. 

 He made alfo Apollo, which the trmmvir Antony took 

 away, but it was reftored to Ephefus by Auguftus, admo- 

 nilhed for this purpofe in a dream. No artitl, for multitude 

 or variety, furpaded Polycletus, or was more accurate in fym- 

 metry ; but although he was fo curious in the reprefcntation 

 of bodies, he did not exprefs the feeling of the foul. The 

 hair alfo, and the pubes, he made like the rude ancient 

 ■work. Pythagoras of Rhegium furpalfed him in a Pan- 

 cratiaft, placed in Delphi ; and alfo Leontinus, who made 

 the pedeftrian Allylon, which is fhewn at Olympia, with 

 Libys, the boy holding tablets, and one bearing apples, 

 naked ; a Syracnfan, alfo lame, the fufferings of whofe 

 ulcer alfedl the beholder ; alfo Apollo the harper, the 

 ferpcnt ilain with his arrows, which is called Dicxus, and 

 which was taken from Thebes by Alexander. He firll ex- 

 prefTed the nerves and veins, and the hair alfo with accuracy. 



There was another Pythagoras of Samos, at firft a 

 painter, whofe ftatues of the feven goddeffes naked, and an 

 old man, are very much praifed. This artill was faid to 

 have been indifcriminate in the likenefs of the face. The 

 tlilciple of Rheginus is iaid to have been his fifter'a fon, 

 called Soflratus. Whereas Tully affirms, that Lyfippus 

 was his difciple, which Duris denies. He firll became a 

 worker in brafs, from hearing tlio aiifwcr of Eupompus 

 the painter, who being queltioned who fhould be followed 

 of thofe before liis time, anlwered, (hewing a multitude of 

 men, that nature (hould be imitated, not the artiit. It is faid 

 that he made more ilatues than others, being moll prolific in 

 his art ; among which is a man uling the flrigil, which Mar- 

 • us Agrippa placed before his baths. This was very much 

 dmiredby the emperor Tiberius, who, not fatished with it 

 \\ here it was, had it brought into his chamber, and another 

 llatje put in its place, at which the people of Rome were 

 moved to refentment, and demanded it to be rellorcd, which 

 was done. Lyfippus made a drunken piper, a hunting 

 <log, and a chxriot and four horfcs, with the fun of Rhodes. 

 He made alfo Alexander the Great in many works, be- 

 ginning from his childhood, with a ftatue of whom the 

 emperor Nero being very much delij;hted, commanded it to 

 be covered with gold ; but afterwards, when the art was dif- 



covered to be deflroyed by it, it was taken off ; and it was 

 efteemed more precious with the cuts and fears remaining in 

 the work to which the gold adhered. He made alfo He- 

 phxilion, Alexander the Great's friend, which has been 

 afcribed to Polycletus, who was loo years before him. 

 Alfo Alexander hunting, which is confecrated-at Delphos, 

 and at Athens a crowd of fatyrs : of Alexander's friends he 

 made the llrongeft refemblances. Metellns, when he con- 

 quered Macedonia, brought them to Rome. He made alfo 

 chariots with four horfcs, of many kinds. He added much 

 to the art of itatuary, exprefled the hair, made the head lefs 

 than the ancients, the body more flender and dry than the 

 ancients made theirs, by which the magnitude of the llaiues 

 app-^ared enlarged. The Latins have not the word fymmetry, 

 which he moft accurately obferved, by a new and untried rule 

 in changing the fquared ftatues of the ancients ; he faid 

 they made men as they are, he made them as they appear to be. 

 He left fons and difciples very much admired artifts, fuch as 

 Dahippus and Bedas ; but above all, Euthycrates, although 

 he emulated rather the conttancy of his father than his ele- 

 gance, and was plcafed with the auftere rather than the 

 agreeable. Therefore he beft exprefled the Delphian Her- 

 cules, and Alexander, Thefpis the hunter, and Thefpiades, a 

 battle of horfemen before Trophonius's oracle, chariots and 

 four horfes, m,any ftatues of Medea, horfemen, and hunting 

 dogs. His difciple was Tilicrates the Sieyonian, the ncareit 

 to Lyfippus of all his followers, fo chat their ftatues are 

 fcarcely diftinguifhable ; a Theban old man, king Demetrius, 

 Peuceftes, Alexander the Great's prcferver, worthy of fo much 

 glory. Artificers, who have brought thefe things together 

 in the volumes they have compoled, celebrate Telcphancs 

 the Phocean, unknown on other accounts, becaufe in Thef- 

 faly, where he dwelt, his works are concealed ; otherwife by 

 the fulfrages of others he is equal with Polycletus, Myron, 

 and Pythagoras. His Lariila is praifed, ;.nd his WrcfUer 

 with the thorns, and his Apollo. Some think he had no 

 other demerit, but that he gave his workfhops to Xerxes 

 and Darius. Praxiteles was alfo particularly happy, and 

 alfo celebrated in his works of marble. He made alfo in 

 brafs beautiful works ; the rape of Proferpine, the Sybil or 

 prophetefa, and the drunken woman, Bacchus, and a moll 

 famous fatyr, which the Greeks call Peribocton : ftatues 

 alfo which were before the temple of Felicity, and a Venus 

 which was confumed in the fire of Claudius's palace ; his 

 marble, famous through the eartii, was equalled by himlelf 

 only. Alfo ftatues called Sthephufa, SpiUimene, Oeno- 

 phorus, Harmodius and Ariftogiton, the Tyrannicides ; 

 which were taken by Xerxes, the Perfian king, and were 

 lent back to Athens by Alexander. He made alfo a youth, 

 ftealing upon a lizard, which he approaches to flrike with an 

 arrow : it is called Sauroftonon. He made two ftatues, ex- 

 prefling oppolite elfefts, a mourning matron, and a re- 

 joiciiig" harlot : they think this to be Phryne, dilcovering in 

 her the love of the artift, and the reward of the woman : 

 this ftatue polleffeg much grace. Calamis made a charioteer 

 with four horfes : in his horfes are never found aiijf defeft, 

 though he is thought to be dcfeftive in his men. 1 he fame 

 Calamis made other chariots, both with four and with two 

 horfes, in which the men are not inferior. Nothing is nobler 

 than his Alcmene. The difciple of Phidias, Alcamcncs, 

 worked in marble ; alfo in brafs he made a I'eiitalhlun, who is 

 called Encrinomenos. But Arillides the dilciple of Polycle- 

 tus, made chariots both with two and lourliorles. And Laciia, 

 by Iphicrates, is praifed. This is the harlot who in the lyre 

 and long was the familiar of Harmodius and Ariftogiton, 

 and partonk of their counfel in the Tyrannicide. She was 

 tortured to death, and did not betray liitm to the tyrant ; 

 wherefore the Athcuwns willingly iiold her in houour, not 



that 



