SCULPTURE. 



wanton manner were throwing balls to one another. This 

 pillar fupportcd a pyramid on the top of it, on which was 

 placed the ftatue of a woman, which turned about with the 

 wind, and was therefore called Anemode. This excellent 

 piece was alfo mehed down for coinage, as was alfo an 

 equeftrian ftatue, fixed upon a quadrilateral pedeftal in the 

 Tauris. Tliis was a bold figure, of an heroic countenance, 

 and furpriling ftatlire. He was faid by fome to be one of 

 the fpies who were fent by Joftiua, the fon of Nun. With 

 one hand he pointed callward, with the other to the weit. 

 But this ftatue was generally reported to be Bellerophon 

 fitting upon Pegafus ; for the horfe was without a bridle, 

 as Pegafus is moftly figured, fcouring the plain, dcfpifing a 

 rider, flying and driving about in a headftrong manner. This 

 horfe and his rider were alfo melted down ; the barbarous 

 foldiers expreffing their utmoft fury againft the finell ftatues 

 and moft curious pieces of workrr.aniliip in the Hippocum. 

 The great ftatue of the Hefperian Hercules, which was fixed 

 upon a magnificent pedeftal, and clothed in a lion's (kin, 

 which feemed to live and affricrht the fpectators with his 

 tremendous voice, felt the effedls of military power. He 

 was not armed with his quiver, his bow or his club ; but 

 ftretching out liis right leg and arm, he kneeled upon his 

 left knee, and leaning upon his left elbow with his hand 

 open, fupported his head in a thoughtful manner, feeming 

 to lament his misfortunes. This figure was broad-cheiled, 

 the fhoulders were large, the hair long, curled, and reach- 

 ing to the waift ; the arms were brawny, and as long as thofe 

 made by Lyfimachus, which was the original of this, and 

 was the firft and lalt mafterpiece of his (l<ill. In ftiort, of 

 fuch a ftupendous fize was this ftatue, that his wrift was as 

 thick as a man's body, and his leg equal in height to any 

 ordinary perfon. This noble ftatue did not efcape the 

 rage of thefe mighty pretenders to virtue and honour. 

 Befides this they alio carried away the image of the afs and 

 his driver, which figures were fet up originally by Auguftus 

 Czfar at Aftium, of whom the ftory reports, that when he 

 went out privately in the night time, to take a view of An- 

 tony's camp, he met a man driving an afs, and aiking him 

 who he was and where he was going ? the man anfwered, 

 " my name is Nicon and my afs's name Nicander, and I am 

 going to Casfar's army." TThe ftatues of the hyxna, and of 

 the wolf which fuckled Romulus and Remus, underwent 

 the fame fate, and were coined into little brazen ftaters. The 

 feveral ftatues alfo ; of a man fighting with a lion ; of the 

 horfe Neilous covered with fcales behiijd ; of an elephant 

 with a moving probolcis ; of the fphynxes, beautiful as 

 women and terrible as beafts, which can occafionally walk 

 or fly in the air ; there was alfo the ftatue of a wild horfe, 

 pricking up his ears, curvetting and prancing : — this and 

 old Sylla were ferved in the fame manner. She was figured 

 like a woman to the waift, with a grim frightful look, juft 

 as fhe appeared when ftjc fent her dogs to deftroy Ulyfies. 

 There was alfo placed in the Hippocum a brazen eagle, 

 which was the invention of Apollonius Tyaneus, and a cele- 

 brated monument of his forcery. This impoftor being re- 

 quefted by the Byzantines to heal them of the bitings of 

 ferpents, which were then common among them, ufing charms 

 and diabolical ceremonies placed this eagle upon a pillar. 

 It was a pleafant fight enough, and deferved to be more nar. 

 rowly infpefted, for it made an agreeable harmony, and lefs 

 dangerous than the Syrens. Its wings were ftretched out as 

 ready for flight, and it was trampling upon a ferpent, which 

 wreathed itfelf about the eagle. The ferpent feemed to 

 make the utmoft effort to bite the eagle ; the eagle looked 

 brifli and lively, and feemed to have obtained the vift( ry, 

 ^nd to be ready to bear him through the air m triumph, de- 



noting that the ferpents that tormented the Byrantinei wouI<f 

 hurt them no more, but fuffer themfelves to be handled and 

 ttroked by them. But thefe were not the only curioGties to 

 be obferved in this aquiline ftatue ; for the twelve hours 

 were engraven under his wings, under each wing fix, which 

 ftiewed the hour of the day, by the fun darting through a 

 hole in each wing made for that puipofe. There was alfo a 

 fine ftatue of Helen, whole charms laid Troy in ruins ; her 

 fine proportions, in breathing brafs, captivated all beholders ; 

 her habit fat loofe upon her, which difcovered too great an 

 inclination to gallantry ; her long and delicate hair feemed 

 to wave in the wind ; it was braided with gold and jewels ; 

 her robe was girt about her and falling down to the knee ; 

 her lips feemed like opening rofes, you would fancy they 

 moved ; and fuch an agreeable fmile brightened her coun- 

 tenance, as entertained the fpeclator's eye with pleafure. 

 There was alfo placed upon a pillar a more modern ftatue of 

 a woman. Her hair hung down behind, combed clofe down 

 from the forehead backwards, not braided up but bending, 

 as if to the hand of the fpeftator. Upon the right hand of 

 this ftatue ftood the equeftrian ftatue of a man ; the horfe 

 ftood upon one leg, the other bore a cup with hquor. The 

 rider was of a large fize ; his body completely armed ; his 

 legs and feet covered with greaves ; his air was manly, rough, 

 and warlike. His horfe was mettlefome and high couraged, 

 pricking up his ears as if he heard the trumpet ; his neck 

 was high, his look fierce, as eager for the battle, rearing 

 up his tore-feet and prancing as a war horfe. Near this fta- 

 tue, hard by the eaftern goal called Rufius, were a range of 

 ftatues of charioteers, dextrous in driving the chariot and 

 turning the goal. They were very bufy m managing their 

 bridles and fmacking their whips, and direfting their horfes, 

 with their eyes fixed ftcadily upon the goal. There feemed 

 to be defcribed in thefe figures all the tumult and fury of a 

 chariot race, with the moft vigorous ftruggle for victory. 

 But what excited the greateft admiration was a large pedeftal, 

 having on it an animal call in brafs as large as an ox, with 

 a ftiort tail and a moderate dew lap, iomething like the 

 Egyptian cattle ; it had no hoofs ; it held in its teeth, ready 

 to ftrangle, another animal, clothed all over with fcales that 

 feemed impenetrable. This appeared to be a bafihfk ; it had a 

 mouth fomewhat like a ferpent's. Thefe figures feemed to 

 reprefent an odd kind of fight, each of them furioufly ftriv. 

 ing for victory. The creature which feemed to be the bafi- 

 lifk was in colour like a frog, and was all over bloated from 

 head to foot ; he was caftirg out his venom upon his an- 

 tagonift, to deftroy him, while he was reprefer.ted as bear- 

 ing upon one knu-e and in a languiftiing ilate. There was 

 alto a figure of another animal, in whofe jaws was repre- 

 feiited a fmaller creature whofe mouth was open, as almoft; 

 choaked by the teeth which held him, ftrugghng to get 

 loofe but to no purpole. His tail, which was very Ihort, 

 feemed to tremble ; his ftioulders, his fore-feet, and a part 

 of his body, were hid in the mouth of his enemy and maftied 

 by his jaws. This is the cafe with nations and kingdoms, 

 which thus mutually deftroy one another. 



For further fatisiaftion concerning the ftate of fculpture 

 in the fourth and fifth centuries, a fhort defcription of the 

 column of Theodofius, ereded at Conftantinople, will be 

 added. 



This column was, in its general Ihape and fize, an imita- 

 tion of that of Trajan in Rome ; although, by the defcrip- 

 tion of fuch travellers as faw it ftanding, it appears to have 

 been larger, and formed of the fame material, ftatuary mar- 

 ble, decorated hke that column, with a fpiral bas relief, 

 from the bottom to the top of the ftiaft, furmountcd by a 

 ftatue of the emperor. The pedeftal was covered with mi- 

 litary 



