s c u 



s c u 



almoft as long as the leaves. Spikes fomewhat aggregate, 

 ereft, denfe, many-flowered, hairy, two or three inches 

 long. BruSeas ovate, entire, longer than the calyx. 

 Flowers all turned one way. Calyx covered with very long 

 denfe hairs, fpreading in all direftions. Corolla downy ; 

 Its upper lip pale lilac ; lower, as well as the tube, green:ih- 

 white. 



23. S. psregrina. Dark-red Skull-cap. Linn. Sp. PL 

 836. Willd. n. 13. Ait. n. 12. Sm. Fl. Grxc. Sibth. 

 t. 582, unpublifticd. — Leaves heart-fliapcd,ferrated, minutely 

 downy as well as the ftem. Spikes elongated, unilateral. 

 Brafteas two-ranked, ovate, ftalked, about the length of the 

 flowers. Corolla hairy, its lower lip notched. — Native of 

 Italy, Hungary, and the Levant. A more (lender and up- 

 right plant than the Jail, about a foot and half high. 

 Stem purplidi, downy, not hairy. Leaves oblong-heart- 

 (haped, neatly cienate, clothed fparingly with fhort hairs, 

 fometimes almoft fmooth. Spiles fix or eight inches long, 

 \vith large braSeas. Calyx covered with fhort hairs. Corolla 

 of a dark blood-red, with a pale yellow palate ; its tube 

 elongated, clothed with long fpreading hairs. 



24. S. albida. Pale Hairy-cupped Skull-cap. Linn. 

 Mant. 248. Willd. n. 2. Ait. n. 3. Sm. Fl. Grace. 

 Sibth. t. 581, unpublifhed. (S. tcucrii facie ; Bauh. Hift. 

 ■V. 3. 291.) — Leaves heart-fhaped, ferratcd, downy as well 

 as the ftem. Spikes elongated, unilateral. Bratteas two- 

 ranked, ovate, ftalked, nearly equal to the flowers. Corolla 

 downy, its lower lip entire. — Native of the Levant ; found 

 by Dr. Sibthorp on Mount Olympus. Very nearly akin 

 to the laft, and not in the leaft refembling orientalis, to which 

 Linnaeus, in his Sy/lema Vegetabilium, by fome unaccount- 

 able error, compares this fpecies. It is, if pofTible, more 

 ftrange that he (hould at one time have confounded albida 

 with alpina, as appears by his herbarium. S. albida differs 

 from percgrina in having broader, more coarfely ferrated 

 leaves, more crowded and numerous Jlowers, whofe corolla is 

 cream-coloured, downy, not clothed with long hairs ; the 

 edge of its lower lip even and entire, not lobed, undulated, 

 or notched. The calyx, on the contrary, bears much longer 

 hairs than that of peregrina. 



25. S. altijfima. Tall Skull-cap. Linn. Sp. Pi. 836. 

 Willd. n. 16. Ait. n. 13. (S. Columnae ; AUion. Pedem. 

 V. 1. 40. t. 84. f. 2. Willd. n. 14. CafSda; Column. Ecphr. 

 V. I. 187. t. 189. C. orientalis altifDma, urtici folio; Tourn. 

 Cor. II.) — Leaves heart-fhaped, ferrated, acute, nearly 

 fmooth. Spikes elongated, unilateral. Brafteas ovate, 

 acute, ftalked, fhorter than the calyx. — Native of Italy, 

 Mount Caucafus, and the Levant. Miller cultivated it in 

 173 I, and one of his own fpecimens, compared with thofe 

 of AUioni, have enabled us to verify the above fynonyms, 

 and to reduce two reputed fpecies, of this difficult and con- 

 fufed genus, into one. The prefent differs from both the two 

 laft, in having haves twice their fize, befprinkled with only 

 a few minute fcattered hairs, fo as to feel nearly fmooth. 

 But its moft effential character confifts in the fmallnefs of 

 the bradeas, whofe points do not extend beyond the calyx. 

 The /pikes therefore appear almoft naked, confiiting of nu- 

 merous purple Aownyjloiuers, whole calyx, like Xheflower- 



Jlalhs and bradeas, is rough with glandular vifcid hairs. 



The laft fpecies in Linnaeus, Willdenow, and Aiton, 5. 

 cretica, require to be expunged, being the very fame plant 

 as Teucrium Arduini, Linn. Mant. 81, and announced as 

 fuch in Sm. Prodr. Fl. Graec. Sibth. v. i. 392. Its calyx 

 and habit accord with Teucrium, not with Scutellaria. 



Scutellaria, in Gardening, contains plants of the hardy, 

 herbaceous, perennial kind, of which the fpecies cultivated 

 are; the entire-leaved ikuU-cap (S. integrifolia) ; the Flo- 



6 



rentine flcuU-cap (S. peregrina)) ; and the tsU Ikull-cap (S. 

 altifiima). 



Method of Culture. — Thefe arc all raifed from feed, which 

 (hould be fown in autumn or fpring, but the former is the 

 better feafon, in the places where they are to remain, or in 

 a border to be removed afterwards. When the plants are 

 up they fhould be properly thinned out and kept free from 

 weeds. 



They afford variety in the borders, clumps, and other 

 parts of pleafure-grounds, when properly planted in them. 



SCUTELLUM, in Botany, a little (hield, fometimes 

 ufed for the fruftification of Lichens, inftead of Scu- 

 TELLA, fee that article. 



ScuTELLUM, or Efculcheon, in the Hijlory of Infeds, is 

 the pofterior part of the thorax ; it is frequently triangular, 

 and appears to be feparated from the thorax by its inter- 

 vening future, as in moft of the coleoptera. 



SCUTHINON, in Botany, a name given by the ancient 

 Greeks to a yellow wood, called alfo thapfum, chryfoxylon, 

 and Scythicum lignum. It was of a beautiful colour, and 

 was ufed in dyeing and in colouring the hair yellow, which 

 was the favourite colour of that time. 



Tlie fame authors have fometimes alfo called it cythinon, 

 or cuthinon : this is only the former word with the initial/ 

 taken away, as it was common with them to do in regard to 

 many words ; thus they called the fmilax milax, the fmaragdus 

 maragdus, and fo of many more. 



SCUTIFORME O.s, m Anatomy, the chief bone of the 

 knee, c?Med ViVo patella, mola, &c. 



SCUTIFORMIS, Cartilago, one of the pieces com- 

 pofing the larynx. See Larynx. 



SCUTTLE, in Agriculture, the name of a (hallow baflcet, 

 or fort of wicker-bowl, much ufed in the barn and for other 

 purpofes. The large ones have handles, but the fmall ones 

 are without them. They are often alfo enaployed for liable 

 purpofes. 



Scuttles, in Skip-Building, are fquare openings cut 

 through the decks, much lefs than the hatchways, for the 

 purpofe of handing fmall things up from deck to deck. 

 There are alfo fcuttles cut through the (liip's fide, fome for 

 the admiffion of air and light into the cabins, &c. between 

 decks, and fome between the ports of fmaller veffels, through 

 which the fweeps are ufed, to row the veflel along in 

 calms. 



ScvTTLH-Hatch, in a Ship, the little hatch that covers 

 the fcuttle. 



SCUTTLING, in Sea Language, the ad of cutting 

 large holes through the bottom or fides of a fliip eitlier 

 when file is ftranded or overfct, and continues to float on the 

 furface. It is commonly defigned for taking out the whole 

 or part of the cargo, provifions, ftores, &c. with all polTible 

 expedition. 



The decks are fcuttled fometimes to put pumps down 

 to aifirt the chain-pumps on emergency or failure. 



SCUTTOCK Hills, in Geography, hills of the United 

 States of America, in the diftridl of Maine ; 8 miles N. of 

 New Briftol. 



ScuTTOCK Point, a cape on the coaft of Maine. N. lat. 

 44° 18'. W. long. 67° 58'. 



SCUTULA, in Botany, fo named by Loureiro, froni 

 the fhape of its berry, which refembles a little fhield. — Lou- 

 reir. Cochinch. 235. — Clafs and order, OSandria Monogynia. 

 Nat. Ord 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth of one leaf, truncated, fpread- 

 ing, (hield-like, flefhy, coloured, fmooth on the out fide. 

 Cor. Petals five, roundifli, pointed, converging, (ituated vn 

 the margin of the calyx. Stam. Filaments eight, awl-ihaped, 



inflexcd. 



