SEA 



SEA 



Dure, but their nfe ought not to be confined to it. In order 

 to make the carriage lighter, and the efFeft the quicker, 

 perhaps it would be worth while to burn them firll, as is 

 fometimes done to marie. The kiln might be made with 

 one or two eyes, running into it about half way at the bot- 

 tom, with fome flags or Hones rudely arched over them, the 

 kiln then filled with fhells, and fed with fire for a day or two, 

 at might be found neceflary. Lime is burned in this way 

 in the fpace of two or three days, and fhells already in a 

 mouldering Rate, would take much lefs both of time and 

 fuel. The operation would not be hindered by the tides, as 

 thefe (hells are found alfo under the furface beyond the fea- 

 mark. Stratums of thefe oyiter-fhells are alfo to be found 

 at the head of Loch Caoles port ; but there (fo flow is the 

 progrefs uf the improvement ! ) they have not yet begun to 

 ufe them as manure : probably the time is not diftant when 

 thefe fea-ftiells will become an article of commerce, and be 

 carried at lead along all the fliores of Kintyre. 



And it is Hated by the author of the Agricultural Report 

 of Norfolk, that in Eaft Winch and Weft Bilney, and Icat- 

 tered for ten miles to Wallington, there is a remarkable bed 

 of oyfter-fhells in fea-mud ; the farmers ufe them at the rate 

 of ten loads an acre for turnips, which are a very good 

 drefCng ; they are of particular efficacy on land worn out 

 by corn. Mr. Forfter feveral years ago laid twenty loads 

 an acre on fome worn-out land, and they had an amazing 

 efFeft in producing grafs, when laid down in feeds, giving a 

 deep luxuriant hue like good dung : the benefit very great 

 at the prefent time. They are found withui two feet of the 

 furface, and as deep as they have dug, water having ftopped 

 them at fixteen or eighteen feet deep. They are uled again 

 and again on the fame land, and with the fame effeft. At 

 Eaft Winch, Mr. Crowe has acres together of this moft va- 

 luable manure. They fall to powder on being ftirred. All fea 

 materials of this nature fhould conftantly be well attended 

 to, and collefted when wanted to be employed as manure by 

 the farmer. Where they are in a folid ftate, they only re- 

 quire to be in fome meafure broken down into a fort of coarfe 

 powder. Sec Sand and Shells. 



It may be noticed, that in the firft mentioned diftritk, the 

 price of the fhells is now higher than it was formerly. 



SEA-Siciru/s is faid to be prevented by drinking fea-water 

 mixed with wine. 



SEA-SiJe-Grape, in Botany. See Coccoloba. 



SEA-Spkenivort, or Polypody, a name given by EUis to 

 the Sertularla lichenajlrum. 



SEA-Sun-Cro'wn, American. See American, &c. 



SEA-S'wallo'w, in Ornitholo^-, the name of the Jierna hi- 

 rundo, common on our coafts. See Sterna. 



Se A-Tamart/i, a name given by Ellis to the Sertularia ta- 

 marijia. 



SEA-Tangle, in Agriculture. This is another name by which 

 the fea-weed which is ufually made ufe of as a manure is known 

 in fome diftrifts, efpecially thofe of the north, where it is 

 fometimes collefted, and applied, either in its fimple ftate, or 

 when made up into compoft with fome fort of earthy fub- 

 ftance. See SzA-lVeed. 



SEA-Turtle Dove. See Sea-Turtle Dove. 



SiEA-Wall, in Rural Economy, that fort of wall or defence 

 which is thrown up and provided againft the fea on the dif- 

 ferent coafts of the kingdom. It is formed of various 

 kinds of materials, according to the nature of the fituation 

 and circumftances, fuch as thofe of earth, ftones, fliells, 

 ftrong gravel, and many other matters, fo as to conftitute a 

 fort of embankment. See Embankment and Embanking. 



Walls or banks of this nature fhould conftantly have a 

 good degree of flope backwards, whatever the nature of the 



9 



materials may be which are employed in their conftruftionf 

 as this form always affords great fafety and proteftion to 

 them. The bafes or foundations of them fhould likewife be 

 fecurely laid, and well guarded and protected by everj- pofE- 

 ble convenient means which their Ctuations and circumftances 

 will admit of ; and the internal parts have a fufficient weight 

 of earthy or other matter thrown up and laid againlt them, 

 in order to counteraft the weight of the water during the 

 time of the tides. In Effex, Mr. B. Dudley is faid to have 

 endeavoured to give a new direction to a fhifting bank of 

 (hells, as a guard to a fea-wall, which had been newly re- 

 paired and was much expofed, and by that means to convert 

 it into this fort of defence and fecurity, which he accom- 

 plifhed in the following manner ; a faggot-hedge was made 

 in the ouze, in order to retain the fhell-fand, which being 

 found to have taken effcft, a fecond was formed. The 

 fhelly bank, it is faid, fhifted, though flowly, according te 

 his intention, and that he had the rational expe<ftation of 

 fully avaihng himfelf of it to ftrengthen his wall, at little 

 more expence than that of thinkuig. It is fuggefted, that 

 opportunities of this nature frequently prefent themfelves, 

 but are wholly neglefted and turned to no account. 



It might not be an objeft unworthy of attention, it is fup- 

 pofed, to have a general coramillion of fewers, &c. for the 

 repairs and prefervation of fea-walls along the coaft, which 

 proteft lands the moft capable of improvement from the de- 

 ftruftive inundations of the fea-water, which leave fuch fatal 

 well-known effefts behind, that the ground is not worth the 

 tillage for fome years after being overflown, and, befides, the 

 expence and trouble that may have been laid out upon it are 

 molf ly for ever lofl. As the matter now ftands, it is com- 

 mon for the owners of the land to manage their own walls 

 according to their own difcrction,by which means the negleft 

 or inattention of an individual may caufe, not only ruin to 

 himfelf, but many of his more careful neighbours, and fpread 

 a general diftrefs around him. This is the ftate of the cafe 

 in the above county, and in others it is probably much the 

 fame, where they border on the fea. 



Sea- IVare, in Agriculture, a term frequently applied to the 

 weed thrown up by the fea in many fituations, and which is 

 coUefted and made ufe of as a manure, and for other pur- 

 pofes. It is the quercus marina, and has often tlie names of 

 fea-wreck, fea-tangle, &c. See &EA-Weed. 



SEA-iVater, that briny bitterifh fluid which conftitutes the 

 fea. See Water. 



SEA-lVater, in Agriculture, that which is brought by the 

 fea, and much impregnated by faline matters. It is fug- 

 gefted in the Argylefhire Agricultural Survey, that as it is 

 known that fait is beneficial as a manure, fea-water, which 

 is found to contain it in the proportion of about a bufhel to 

 a ton, may alfo be recommended in the fame view. And 

 that, from its promoting putrefaftion, it may be applied to 

 peat-earth, dung-heaps, and compofts, with much advantage 

 in many fituations. This fort of water, where it ftagnates 

 for any length of time on land, is, however, found to be 

 very injurious. See SALT-lVater. 



SiEA-lVeeds, in Botany, the Submerfed Algs of fome 

 fcientific writers, are fuch cryptogamic plants as grow under 

 water, in the fea, fixed by their bafe, originally, to fome 

 rock, flone, or fhell, but often found floating without any 

 attachment. Their feeds are, in many inilances, known, 

 but the economy of their fructification has not yet been fa- 

 tisfaftorily explained, notwithftanding the labours of Reau- 

 mur, Gmelin, Gaertner, Correa de Serra, Velley, Turner, 

 and others. See Conferva, Fucus, Ulva, &c. 



&EA-Weed, in Agriculture, the wreck or weed thrown up 

 by the water on the fea-coaits, and fometimes cut from their 



fides. 



