SEN 



SEN 



the bafe, fraooth above, paler and downy beneath. Floviers 

 above an inch in diameter, bright yellow ; in a kind of ter- 

 minal corymb, the Xowetmo^Jlalks arifing from the boforas 

 of the upper leaves. 



S. nemorenfts. Branching Groundfel. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 I22I. Jacq. Auitr. t. 184. — Radius nearly i-evolutc. 

 Leaves ovato-lanceolate, ferrated, fringed at the margin, 

 ver^^ nightly downy beneath, feflile, unequal at the bafe. — 

 Native of Auilria and Switzerland ; flowering in July and 

 Auguft. Root perennial, fibrous, not creeping. Stems ge- 

 nerally fingle, two or three feet high, ereift, (lightly an- 

 gular or grooved towards the top, pale green, purplilh here 

 and there. Leaves alternate or fcattered, five or fix inches 

 long, pointed, fmooth above, hairy beneath. Flaivers very 

 numerous, yellow, in terminal compound corymbs. 



S. faracenicus. Broad-leaved Groundfel. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 T23I. Engl. Bot. t. 22 1 1. Jacq. Auftr. t. 186. — Ra- 

 dius fpreading. Flowers corymbofe. Leaves lanceolate, 

 ferrated, nearly fmooth. — Native of the fouth of Europe, 

 and occafionaliy though very rarely found in Britain. It 

 flowers in July and Auguft. Root perennial, creeping. 

 Stems ereft, from three to five feet high, angular, leafy, 

 fmooth, corymbofe at the top. Leaves alternate, feflile, 

 lanceolate, (lightly downy. Fktuers bright yellow, in a 

 large, terminal corymb, with narrow, lanceolate, pointed 

 braHeas, and rather downy Jlalis. — This is one of our rareft 

 Britifh plants. The fpecific name alludes to its being ufed 

 by the Saracens as a vulnerary. Its qualities are aftringent, 

 with confiderable acrimony. 



S. Doria. Broad-leaved Groundfel. Linn. Sp. PI. 1 221. 



Willd. n. 97. Jacq. Aullr. t. 185 Radius fpreading. 



Outer fcales of the calyx fpreading. Leaves fomewhat 

 decurrent, oblong-lanceolate, glaucous, fmooth, ferrated. — 

 Native of Auitria, flowering from July to September. — 

 7^00/ perennial, brownifh, bitter, with long white fibres. 

 Stem from two to five feet in height, much branched up- 

 wards, ftriated. Leaves alternate, lower ones ftalked ; upper 

 feflile ; all of them extremely glaucous and ribbed. Flowers 

 rather fmall, numerous, paliih yellow, in terminal, com- 

 pound corymbs. 



S. Doronieum. Alpine Groundfel. Linn. Sp. PI. 1222. 

 Willd. n. 100. Jacq. Auftr. t. 45. App — Radius fpread- 

 ing. Stem fimple, moftly fingle-flowered. Leaves undi- 

 vided, ferrated ; radical ones ovate, hairy beneath. — Native 

 of the fouth of Europe, flowering from July to September. 

 — Root perennial, fibrous. Stem perfectly fimple, hairy. 

 Radical leaves ftalked, thickifti, plain or ftriated on either 

 fide of the mid-rib ; Jlem-leaves fmall, lanceolate, nearly awl- 

 fhaped. Flowers large, terminal, moftly folitary, of a 

 deep yellow or orange-colour, on longifti, thick, hairy 

 ftalks. 



S. lanceus. Spear-leaved Groundfel. Willd. n. 102. 



Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. ,* -'04 Radius fpreading. Leaves 



lanceolate, heart-ftiapei embracing the Item at the 



bafe, fmooth, deeply fe\ Stem flirubby. — Native of 



the Cape of Good Hope, flowering from July to OAobcr. 

 — Root perennial, fibrous. Stems numerous, annual, round, 

 fmooth ; from four to iix feet high, ftreaked with purple. 

 Lea'ues alternate, fomewhat leathery, fmooth, glaucous, 

 pointed, veined with purple. Flowers in terminal, thick, 

 compound corymbs, bright yellow ; the dijk turning 

 brown. 



The remaining fpecies of this laft and fourth feftion 

 defcribed by Willdenow, are the fallowing.— 5. linifolitts, 

 juniperinus, rofmarinlfoUus, a/per, Jlriatus, cruciatus, rlgefcens, 

 pinnulatus, hadienfis, ovatus, coriaceus, orienlalts, Barrelieri, 

 arenarius, glafiifolius, eporinus, loniifolius, undiilatus, bvzan- 



VoL. XXXII. 



t'lnus, heterophyllus, halimifolius, marginatus, marttimus, lanatus, 

 mollis, quercifolius, ilicifolius, crifpus, crenatus, angulatus, cor- 

 difolius, repandus, rigidus, 3.nA folidaginoides . 



Senecio, in Gardening, contains plants of the herbaceous, 

 annual, and perennial kinds, of which the fpecies cultivated 

 are; the hieracium-leaved groundfel (S. hieracifolius) ; the 

 Chinefe groundfel (S. pfeudo-china) ; the fpleenwort- 

 leaved groundfel (S. haftatus) ; and the elegant groundfel, 

 or purple jacobaea (S. elegans). 



In the fourth fpecies thtre are varieties with very double 

 purple, and with equally double white flowers. The former 

 is now chiefly cultivated. 



And there are other fpecies that may be cultivated for 

 variety. 



Method of Culture. — The firlt and two laft forts are 

 readily increafed by planting cuttings of the branches in 

 pots filled with fine mould in the fummer feafon, ftiading 

 them till they have taken root ; and, as the winter ap- 

 proaches, removing them under the proteftion of the green- 

 houfe, where they fhould remain till May, when they may 

 be planted out in the borders or clumps. They may like- 

 wife be raifed from feed, which ftiould be fown in the fpring 

 in pots, and placed in a gentle hot-bed. 



The fecond fort ftiould be more carefully attended to, 

 being raifed from offsets, which fliould be planted in pots in 

 the fpring feafon, and be plunged in the hot-bed of the 

 ftove, where the plants Ihould be conftantly kept. 



The firft and two laft forts afford variety in the borders, 

 and among potted plants ; and the fecond in ftove col- 

 ledlions. 



SENECTA Anguium, the exuvis, or (loughs of fer- 

 pents. The fnakes call their whole fltin, and with it were 

 fuppofed to call off their age, and be born anew ; whence 

 the name of thefe catl fldns. A decoftion, or infufion of 

 thefe, is recommended by medical writers againft pains of 

 the ears and eyes, and fome fuperllitious people recom- 

 mended it to women to tie about their waifts, to prevent 

 mifcarriages, and about their thighs, in time of labour to 

 hallen delivery. 



SENEFFE, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of Jemappe, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 diitrift of Charleroy ; 13 miles N.W. of Charleroy. The 

 place contains 2531, and the canton 12,063 inhabitants, 

 on a territory of 1675 kiliometres, in 13 communes. 



SENEGA. See Gum Senega. 



SENEGAL, or Senecambia, in Geography, a country 

 of Africa, fituated between the rivers Senegal and Gambia, 

 and including many kingdoms and ftates. It derives the 

 former name from the river Senegal, and the latter from 

 that of Gambia. According to Bruns, all the coaft ex- 

 tending from Cape Blanco to the mountains to the N. of 

 Senegal, has been called Upper Senegambia. It is fre- 

 quented by the Moors, wandering (hepherds in the defert of 

 Zaara or Sahara. They acknowledge the fupremacy of 

 the emperor of Morocco ; but only obey him as they find 

 it to be their intereft. The Europeans trade with thefe 

 people in gum ; and the eftablifhment of Portendeck, 

 formed by the Dutch, and that of Arguin, have been dif- 

 puted by feveral European nations, with inconceivable 

 eagernefs. The dreadful portrait which Mungo Park has 

 given us of the foolifh pride, perfidy, and barbarity of the 

 Moors of the environs of Tombu6loo, perfeftly agrees 

 with that given by Briflbn of thofe who inhabit the coafts. 

 The whole country watered by the rivers of Senegal and 

 Gambia has been called Senegambia, and extends, according 

 to firuns, from the northern (hores of Senegal to the 

 northern (horee of Sierra Leone. 



H h Senegal, 



