SEP 



Septum Cordis or Ventriculorum, the partition between 

 the ventricles of the heart. See Heart. 



Septum Lucidum, the part interpofed between the two 

 lateral ventricles of the brain. See Brain. 



Septum Narlum, the partition between the noftrils. See 

 Nose. 



Septum PeSiniforme Penis. See the defcription of the 

 penis under Generation'. 



Septum Scroti. See Generation. 



Sbftvm Thoracis, the mediaftinum, which forms the par- 

 tition between the two fides of the chelt. See LuNG. 



Septum Tranfver/um, or Mufculare, the diaphragm. See 

 Diaphragm. 



SEPTUMANI, in Ancient Geography, a people of Gallia 

 Narbonnenfis, who inhabited the town of Bitterae, according 

 to Pliny. In procefs of time a province of their territory- 

 was denominated Septimania. 



SEPU, m Geography, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the 

 government of Sivas ; 40 miles S.E. of Sivas. 



SEPULCHRAL, Sepulchralis, fomething belong- 

 ing to fepulchres or tombs. 



Sepulchral Column. See Column. 



Sepulchral Infcriptions, are the furett monuments we 

 have of antiquity. 



Sepulchral Lamps. See Lamp. 



Sepulchral, or Sepulchralis, is alfo the appellation of a 

 feft ; thus called from their fuppofed principal error, which 

 was, that by the word hell, whither the Scripture tells us 

 Jefus Chrift defcended after his death, they underllood no 

 more than his grave or fepulchre. See Hell. 



Sepulchralis Pecunia. See Pecunia. 



SEPULCHRE, Sepulchrum, a tomb, or place, def- 

 tined for the interment of the dead. 



The term is chiefly ufed in fpeaking of the burying- 

 places of the ancients ; thofe of the moderns we ufually 

 call tombs. 



Befides the ufual fepulchres for the interment, either of 

 the whole body, or of the a{hes of the burnt, the ancients 

 had a pecuUar kind, called ccnoto/ii/a, being empty fepulchres 

 made in honour of feme perfons, who, perhaps, had no 

 burial at all ; from a fuperftitious opinion, that the fouls of 

 thofe who wanted burial wandered a hundred years before 

 they were admitted to pafs into the Elyfian fields. See Bu- 

 rial and Cenotaph. 



The pyramids are fuppofed to have been built as fepulchres 

 for the kings of Egypt. And the obelHlis had generally 

 the fame intention. 



Sepulchres were held facred and inviolable, and the care 

 taken of them was deemed a religious duty, grounded on 

 the fear of God, and the belief of the foul's immortality. 

 Thofe w'ho fearched or violated them, have been odious to 

 all nations, and always feverely punilhed. 



The Egyptians call their fepulchres eternal houfes, in con- 

 tradiftinAion to their houfes and palaces, which they called 

 Inns ; by reafon of the Ihort fojourn we have in the one, in 

 comparifon of our long ftay in the other. The eallern pil- 

 grimages are all made with defign to vifit the holy fepulchre, 

 that is, the tomb of Jefus Chriit. Nobody enters here but 

 bare-footed, and with abundance of ceremonies. The Turks 

 exaft twenty-four crowns of each pilgrim, whom devotion 

 carries to the holy fepulchre. 



Sepulchre, St., or tht Holy Sepulchre, gives the deno- 

 mination to an order of regular canons, anciently inllituted 

 in Jerufalem, in honour of the holy fepulchre. 



They afcribe their inftitution to Godfrey of Boulogne, 

 who, they fay, upon his taking Jerulalem in the year 1009, 

 placed canons in the patriarchal church of the Holy Sepul- 



S E P 



chre, which indeed is true, but then they were not regulars. 

 Ineffeft, it was Arnoul, who, of arclideacon of the church, 

 of Jerufalem, got himfelf elcAed patriarch of it, that, in 

 II 14, firll obliged his canons to live in community, and to 

 follow the rule of St. Auguftine. 



From the Holy Land numbers of tliefe canons were 

 brought into Europe, particularly into France by Louis the 

 Younger ; into England by king Henry ; into Poland by 

 Jaxa, a PoU(h gentleman ; and into Flanders by its counts. 



But the order was afterwards fupprelFed by Innocent 

 VIII., and its effefts given to that of Our Lady of Bethle- 

 hem, which itfelf ceafing, they were bellowed, in 1484, on 

 that of the knights of St. John of Jerufalem ; but the fup- 

 prefTion did not take place in Poland, nor in feveral pro- 

 vinces of Germany, where they ftill fubfill : their general is 

 in Poland: their habit, father Heliot obferves, has been 

 different in different places. 



Sei'ulchre, St., or the Holy Sepulchre, is alfo the name 

 of a military order, cftablirtied in PaU-lline, as fome fay, by 

 Godfrey of Boulogne, but according to others by his fuc- 

 cedor, Baldwin. 



However, it is certain there were none but canons in the 

 church of St. Sepulchre till the year 1114; and it is no 

 more than probable, the knights were only inllituted upon 

 the ruins of the canons, four hundred years after, and that 

 by pope Alexander VI. in order to excite rich and noble 

 perfons to vifit the holy places, by giving them the title of 

 knights of the Holy Sepulchre, and to this end, inllituting an 

 order under that name, of which he referved the qualiiy of 

 mailer to himfelf and his fuccclfors. 



Leo X. and Clement VII. granted to the guardian of the 

 religious of St. Francis, in the Holy Land, the power of 

 making tbefe knights ; which power, firll granted viva voce, 

 was afterwards confirmed by a bull of Pius IV. In 1558, 

 the knights of this order in Flanders, chofe Philip II. king 

 of Spain, their mailer, and afterwards his fon ; but the 

 grand mailer of the order of Malta prevailed on him to re- 

 fign ; and when afterwards the duke Nevers aflumed the 

 fame quality in France, the fame grand mailer, by his in- 

 tereft. and credit, procured a like renunciation of him, 

 and a confirmation of the union of this order to that of 

 Malta. 



SEPULCHRI Pretium. See Pketium. 



SEPULVEDA, John Genesius, in Biography, an emi- 

 nent Spanilh divine, born in the dioccfc of Cordova in 149 1. 

 He became diltinguilhed for his knowledge of law, philofo- 

 phy, and divinity, and was, on account of his great learning, 

 nominated by the emperor Charles V. hilloriographer 

 and theologian. His fame was chiefly owing to his verfion 

 of Arillotle into the Latin language. When in the height 

 of his reputation, he was engaged in a controverfy from 

 which he derived no honour. It is thus related : 



At the time that the celebrated Las Cafas, bilhop of 

 Chiapa, was pleading thecaufeof the oppreflcd Indians be- 

 fore the court ef Spain, Sepulveda, induced by fome Spa- 

 niards who had tyrannized over that people, wrote a book in 

 the Latin language, by way of dialogue, in which he un- 

 dertook to prove, that the wars of the Spaniards in the In- 

 dies were jutt, and founded on their right to fubdue the 

 people of that new world ; that it was.the duty of the In- 

 dians to fubmit to be governed by the Spaniards, on account 

 of their own inferiority in knowledge and wifdom ; and that 

 if they would not voluntarily acquiefce in the Spanifk domi- 

 nion, they might and ought to be compelled by force of 

 arms. Sepulveda, to add weight to his argument, declared 

 that his whole objed was to eftablilh the right of the kings 

 of Caftille and Leon to take potl'ellion of their domain in 



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