S E R 



S E R 



SERINHAEM, a river of Brafil, which rum into the 

 Atlantic, S. lat. I z° 50'. 



SERINO, a town of Naples, in Principato Ultra ; 19 

 miles S.of Benevento. 



SERINPALE, a town of Africa, in the country of 

 Cayor, on the left bank of the Senegal. N. lat. 16° 50'. W. 

 long. 15° 50'. 



SERINPETA, an ifland in the river Senegal, where the 

 canoes of tiie country are conftriifted. 



SERIO, a river of Italy, which runs into the Adda, at 

 Pizzighitone. — Alfo, a department of Italy, compofed of 

 part of the Bergamafco : it contains 195,803 inhabitants, 

 who eleft ! 5 deputies. Its capital is Bergamo. 



SERIOLA, in Botany, faid by De Theis to be the 

 diminutive of o-f^i,, the ancient appellation of Succory or 

 Endive, which this plant refembles, efpecially in its leaves. 

 — Linn. Gen. 404. Schreb. 533. Wiild. Sp. PI. v. 3. 

 1619. Mart. Mill. Did. v. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 4. 

 465. Juir. 171. Lamarck Ilultr. t. 656. Gasrtn. t. 159. 

 — Clafs and order. Syngenejia Polygamla JEqualts. Nat. 

 Ord. Compofiliv Semiflofciiloftc, Linn. Cichoracea, Jufl. 



Gen.Ch. Common calyx fimple, compofed of linear, nearly 

 equal, ereft leaves. Cor. compound, imbricated, uniform, 

 compofed of numerous, equal, perfeft flowers ; proper of 

 one ligulatc, linear, truncated, five-toothed petal. Slam. Fi- 

 laments five, capillary, very (hort ; anthers cylindrical, 

 tubular. Pi/l. Germen ovate ; Ilyle thread-fhaped, the 

 length of the ftamens ; ftigmas two, reflexed. Perk, none, 

 except the unchanged calyx. Seeds oblong, the length of 

 the calyx. Down capillary, feathered, with ten rays hairy 

 at the fides. Rccept. chaffy, deciduous, as long as the 

 calyx. 



Eff. Ch. Receptacle chaffy. Calyx fimple. Seed-down 

 rather hairy. 



1. S. /avigata. Smooth Seriola. Linn. Sp. PI. 1139. 

 Desfont. Atlant. v. 2. 237. t. 216. — Herb fmoothifh. 

 Leaves obovate, toothed. — Found in the fidures of rocks 

 in Barbary, and in the ifland of Candia. It flowers, as in- 

 deed do all the rell, in July and Augult. Hoots perennial, 

 long, twifted, icaly at the top. Stem none. Leaves radical, 

 in a circular duller, ftalked, fmootli, remotely toothed, 

 decurrcnt. Fhwer-Jlalks ereft, (lender, a little (Ireaked, 

 {lightly branched, fometimcs limple, almolt leaflefs, mollly 

 lingle-flowered. Flowers yellow. 



2. S. athnen/is. Rough Seriola. Linn. Sp. PI. 1139. 

 Desfont. Atlant. v. 2. 237. " Jacq. Obf. v. 4. 3. t. 79." 

 — Herb rough. Leaves obovate, (lightly toothed. — Native 

 of Italy, and near Malcar in Barbary. Root annual. Stems 

 branched, crcft, hairy. Leaves hairy, (talked ; upper ones 

 fe(hle, embracing the (lem. Flowcr-Jlalks ereft, hairy, 

 leaflefs above, luiequal, fingle-flowtred. Floiuers yellow, 

 forming a fort of corymbofe panicle. 



3. S. crelenfis. Cretan Seriola. Linn. Sp. PI. 1139. 

 (" Achyrophorub hirfutus, denlis leonis folio Icvitcr den- 

 tato ; Vaill. Aft. 740.") — Herb rough with hairs. Leaves 

 runcinate. — Native of the idand of Candia or Crete. We 

 know not of any figure or defcription of this fpecics. It 

 reds on the above quoted authorities. 



4. S. urens. Stinging Seriola. Linn. Sp. PI. 11 39. 

 AUion. Pedcm. t. 29. f. I. " Sclimidel. Ic. t. 32." — 

 Herb Hinging. Leave.? tootiicd. Stem branched. — Native 

 of Sicily and the fouth of Europe. Root annual, (mall, 

 fibrous. Stem none. Leaves in a circular duller, hairy, 

 fringed, Floiuer-Jlalls ereft, hairy, (lightly branched. 

 Flowers yellow. I^innxus difcovcrcd that the (calcs of the 

 calyx are ftiarp with pungent little prickles, whence indeed 

 the fpccific name. 



Vol. XXXH. 



SERIPALA, in yfnclent Geography, a town of India, 

 on this fide of the Ganges, in the number of thofc which 

 were fituated to the call of the river Nomadus, according to 

 Ptolemy. 



SERIPHIUM, in Botany, a name applied to this genus 

 on account of the analogy, in its habit and foliage, with 

 Jlrtemifa pont'ica of Pliny, called by the Greeks Ssjsi^icv. 

 The origin of this name may be traced to Ser'iphion, or, as 

 it is now called, Serpho, an idand in the ^gean fea, whofe 

 foil is of fo dry and (lerile a nature, as only to abound in 

 plants of this rough kind. " This ifland," fays De Theis, 

 " covered with rocks and mountains, has always been re- 

 garded as a melancholy retreat. A Greek once demanded 

 of one of its inhabitants, what crime they punilhed with 

 bani(hment ? Perjury, was the anfwer. Why then, fays 

 the Greek, don't you always perjure yourfelvcs, in order 

 that you may efcape from fuch a horrible refidencc ?" 

 The French name Armofelle, from jlrmoife. Worn "^vood, is 

 exprelTive of itt. natural affinity to that genus. — Linn. Gen. 

 454. Schreb. 594. Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. .Tufl'. 180. 

 Lamarck Illuftr. t. 722. Gaertn. t. 167. — Claf' and orner, 

 Syngenejia Pol\gamia Segregata. Nat. Ord. Compo/ita Nu- 

 camentace<c, Linn. Corymbiferit, Juli. 



Obf. Willdenow and the editor of Hortus Kewen/is have 

 not adopted this genus. They refer the feveral fpecies of 

 it to /frtemifia and State. 



Gen.Ch. Cal. Perianth double ; outer of five, roundi(h, 

 imbricated, downy leaves ; inner of five, ereft, acuminated, 

 awl-fliaped, fmooth, fcaly leaves, which are twice as long 

 as the outer ones, fingle- flowered. Cor. of one petal, fun- 

 nel-(haped, (horter than the inner calyx ; limb five-toothed. 

 Stam. Filaments five, capillary ; anthers cylindrical. Pi/l' 

 Germen between the calyx and the flower ; Ilyle thread- 

 fhaped ; lligma rather cloven. Peric. none, except the un- 

 changed, clofed calyx. Seed folitary, oblong. 



Elf. Ch. Calyx double, imbricated. Corolla of one 

 petal, regular. Seed folitary, oblong, below the corolla. 



1. S. cinereum. Heath-leaved Seriphium. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1 3 16. (Stcebe cinerea ; Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 2406, 

 Tamarifcus sthiopicus, Coridis folio glabro ; Pluk. Mant. 

 178. t. 297. f. I.) — Flowers in whorled fpikes. Leaves 

 fpreading. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope, as indeed 

 are all the remaining fpecies. They flower frem July to 

 September. Stem upright, branched. Leaves fpreading, 

 fmall, lanceolate, crowded, recurved, gibbous at the bale, 

 hoary. Flowers in Icngtlicned fpikes, like a fox's tail, pale 

 red, interrupted. Scales of the calyx almoll briltly. 



2. S. plumofum. Feathered Seriphiimi. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 13 16. Mant. 481. (Stcebe plumola ; Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 

 2407.) — Flowers about fix in a whorl, (piked. Leaves 

 clullered, awl-fliaped. — Leaves thread-lhaped, granulated. 

 Flowers lateral, felTile, imbricated. 



3. S. ftifcum. Brown Seriphium. Linn. Sp. PI. 13 17. 

 Mant. 481. (Stoebe fufca ; Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 2407.) — 

 Flowers in terminal heads. Leaves linear, awnlcfn, downy. 

 Stems branched, wavy. Leaves a(h-coloured. Flowers 

 feflile, terminal, clullered. 



4. S. ambiguum. Doubtful Seriphium. Linn. Sy(l. 

 Veg. ed. 14. 799. (Artemilia ambigiia ; Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1 190. Willd. Sp. PI. V. 3. 1815.) — Flowers about three 

 together, fpiked. Leaves linear. Stem (lirubby, pro- 

 cumbent, branciied, afh-coloured. Leaves fimple, linear, 

 clullered. Flowers in long, termin;;! fpikes. 



The feed-down of this fpecies being feathered at the tip, 

 induced Limiius to make it a Seriphium. 



SERIPHUS, or Si;nn'll0.s, in Ancient Geography, an 



idand m the Archipelago, and one of the Cyclaoes, ac- 



P p cordinjj 



